• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حاملهای انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
sadegh imandoust; Mohammad Lashkary; Ehsan Sayyahzadeh kakhki
Abstract
Energy consumption in the world is increasing for economic growth, and as a result of the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, which has destructive environmental effects, the consumption of fossil fuels has an increasing trend. Present study tries to find the effect of renewable ...
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Energy consumption in the world is increasing for economic growth, and as a result of the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, which has destructive environmental effects, the consumption of fossil fuels has an increasing trend. Present study tries to find the effect of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on air pollution with respect to the moderating role of economic growth, utilizing the data of time series from 1990 to 2017 in Iran and with the generalized method of moments and in terms of some control variables such as energy efficiency coefficient and urbanization, the hypotheses were tested. Findings indicate that, the effect of renewable energy consumption in reducing carbon dioxide emissions (negative coefficient at a significant level of 10%) and the effect of non-renewable energy consumption in increasing carbon dioxide emissions (positive coefficient at a significant level of 5%). Also, the role of economic growth as a moderating variable on the relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions is positive and on the relationship between non-renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions is negative and significant. Developing investment and increasing the share of the renewable energy sector in the country along with improving energy efficiency and technology level can be effective in reducing air pollution.
• سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
younes khodaparast; Teymour Mohamadi; Hossein Tavakolian
Abstract
Increasing oil consumption efficiency in the household and production sectors, as well as improving oil production technology, are among the most important factors that can improve the economic situation of oil-rich countries. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of oil consumption productivity (demand ...
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Increasing oil consumption efficiency in the household and production sectors, as well as improving oil production technology, are among the most important factors that can improve the economic situation of oil-rich countries. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of oil consumption productivity (demand shocks) and technological oil production shocks (supply shocks) on macroeconomic variables are investigated in the form of the Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. Annual data for the years 1352-1396 have been used to estimate the model parameters. The results show that oil consumption efficiency shocks in the household and production sectors have a positive and significant effect on oil exports, oil investment, total employment, and government spending. However, the shocks of oil consumption efficiency in the household sector reduce oil production and household’s oil consumption and increase inflation, while the effect of the shocks of oil consumption efficiency in the production sector on these three variables is inverse. Also, technological oil production shocks have a positive effect on oil investment, oil production and export, non-oil employment, total consumption, government spending, and inflation, and in contrast, slightly reduce employment in the oil sector and oil consumption. Given that the above three shocks have positive effects on oil exports, oil investment, employment, government revenue, and even the level of consumption and non-oil production, appropriate planning and policy-making that stimulates consumer productivity and improves oil production technology should be on the agenda of policymakers.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حاملهای انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Fazlolah Ghafarian; Zakariya Farajzadeh
Abstract
Pollutants emissions intensity in Iran which is mainly originated from energy consumption is higher than those of the global one. In this context, the current study aims at investigating emissions intensity determinants in the Iranian economy. To get the objective, decomposition analysis (index decomposition ...
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Pollutants emissions intensity in Iran which is mainly originated from energy consumption is higher than those of the global one. In this context, the current study aims at investigating emissions intensity determinants in the Iranian economy. To get the objective, decomposition analysis (index decomposition technique) was applied to decompose the energy intensity to its components. Then, the determinants of emissions intensity were examined using the regression model. The selected pollutants are NOx, SO2, CO, CO2. The data were related to 1367-96 (1988-2017). The results for all pollutants revealed that emission coefficient (emission per unit of energy) and energy intensity in services and manufacturing sectors have the highest contribution to emissions intensity. The findings suggested that the manufacturing sector plays a central role in SO2 emissions and a 1% increase in emission coefficient and energy intensity in the sector will increase emissions intensity by 0.6 and 0.5%, respectively. The services sector has a more important role in the emissions of the remaining pollutants and the corresponding values are 0.8% and 0.45-0.9%, respectively. Furthermore, urbanization could increase emissions intensity significantly. However, economy openness failed to affect emissions intensity significantly..
Rogayeh Marefati; Narciss Aminrashti; Azadeh Mehrabian; Roya Seyfipour
Abstract
Today, the issue of significant increases in polluting gases has become a major global challenge. This issue, along with industrial growth and development in developed and developing societies, has attracted more attention in order to prevent their destructive effects. The purpose of this article is ...
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Today, the issue of significant increases in polluting gases has become a major global challenge. This issue, along with industrial growth and development in developed and developing societies, has attracted more attention in order to prevent their destructive effects. The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the spread of pollution in the petrochemical sector. In order to test the relationship between the variables, a mild transfer regression model for the period 1399-1396 has been used. The statistical population of the present study is companies producing petrochemical products. The most important variables used in this study include per capita carbon dioxide emissions, product output, energy intensity, technology costs, and added value of petrochemical products. The results showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables of production and pollution. In the estimated nonlinear model section, because the energy intensity variable has been selected as a variable, it was observed that with increasing the intensity of energy consumption from 5.12%, the effect of petrochemical production on the level of emissions is different and significant. The results obtained from the nonlinear model estimate show that the production of petrochemical products in companies producing petrochemical products at different levels of energy consumption has different effects on carbon dioxide emissions in the country. Accordingly, given that greenhouse gas pollution is one of the serious threats facing countries, and due to its nature, factories and companies producing petrochemical products should be required to reduce emissions through tax and incentive policies. In addition, more polluting industries and polluting products should be prevented from entering the production process through strict environmental laws and regulations, especially in the petrochemical sector..
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حاملهای انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Siab Mamipour; Mohammad Sayadi; Mohammad Javad Jabbari Rad
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize different gasoline pricing policies in Iran based on sustainable development indicators using the Delphi method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). To this end, first, various types of gasoline pricing options along with evaluation indicators ...
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The main purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize different gasoline pricing policies in Iran based on sustainable development indicators using the Delphi method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). To this end, first, various types of gasoline pricing options along with evaluation indicators of these options were extracted separately in economic, social, and environmental terms by the Delphi method based on reviewing studies and interviews with specialists and experts. In this section, four pricing options for gasoline pricing were extracted entitled (i) “Double pricing of gasoline or continuation of the current trend; (ii) “Single rate gasoline price and cash payment of subsidies to cars; (iii) “Proportional pricing for gasoline consumption; (iv) “Single price of gasoline and allocation of quotas to people instead of cars. Then, these options were evaluated and prioritized in terms of economic, social, and environmental indicators in the framework of the AHP method. The results show that pricing commensurate with gasoline consumption or consumption tax (third option) is the best pricing option among the mentioned options. In this option, environmental and economic indicators are of great importance, and the price of gasoline between the quota price and FOB is determined in proportion to the consumption of individuals and sudden price changes do not occur for all consumers and the price of gasoline is completely dependent on the consumption behavior of individuals. Thus high consumption is always faced with higher taxes and allows for a fairer distribution of subsidies and reduced smuggling incentives for this fuel.
نهادها و سازمانهای منطقهای و بین المللی انرژی
maryam houshangi; ali emami meibodi; laleh jokar
Abstract
The restrictions on oil reserves and environmental hazards have led resource-rich countries to focus their attention on gas energy. In this regard, the importance of gas as an appropriate energy source will become even more significant in the coming years. The establishment of a cartel consisting ...
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The restrictions on oil reserves and environmental hazards have led resource-rich countries to focus their attention on gas energy. In this regard, the importance of gas as an appropriate energy source will become even more significant in the coming years. The establishment of a cartel consisting of natural gas producers and exporters in order to achieve strategies for managing and controlling the gas market demonstrates this importance. This paper examines the confrontation or interaction between oil OPEC and the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (gas GECF); using the time series data for OPEC and GECF gas and oil demand in the period from 1970-1 to 2016-4. Regarding the coefficients obtained from the estimation of OPEC and OPEC gas and solving their equations simultaneously in the MATLAB 2014 software, the following results have been obtained; based on the cumulative response function in the case of the formation of a gas cartel, these two cartels will choose collusion strategies. The reason for this can be searched in some common members of the two cartels. Also, based on the impulse response function, oil demand is evaluated more than gas demand. It can be due to the multiple uses of oil over gas which increase the intensive substitution between these two products..
