Hadis Asadi Malek Abadi; Aziz Moraseli
Abstract
In this research, By using data envelopment analysis method and output distance functions to decomposes energy productivity change into four components; technical efficiency change, technological change, changes in capital to energy ratio and labor in energy ratio In the industrial sector of the country ...
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In this research, By using data envelopment analysis method and output distance functions to decomposes energy productivity change into four components; technical efficiency change, technological change, changes in capital to energy ratio and labor in energy ratio In the industrial sector of the country Iran during the period 2014-2004. To this end, the output-axis data envelope analysis method has been used with the assumption of constant returns to scale. The results show that the effect of changing the ratio of capital to energy is a major factor in reducing the of energy intensity in the industrial sector of the Iran, changes technological progress, changes labor- energy ratio and changes technical efficiency drove up energy intensity in most industries.
marzieh pakniyat; Javid Bahrami; Hossein Tavakolian; Somayeh Shahhosseini
Abstract
Banks as financial intermediaries play an important role in facilitating the economic cycle. The implications of the bank’s investment in the housing sector in Iran's economy, which is prone to Dutch disease, is a concern of the present study and we have designed a Keynesian dynamic stochastic ...
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Banks as financial intermediaries play an important role in facilitating the economic cycle. The implications of the bank’s investment in the housing sector in Iran's economy, which is prone to Dutch disease, is a concern of the present study and we have designed a Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for it. The results of the model, which confirm the Dutch disease during a positive oil shock, suggest that banks' investment in the housing sector when production in the economy is growing and the amount of concessional facilities has increased, is a well-accepted and profitable. The positive shock of labor productivity in the manufacturing sector and the shock of monetary policy will put the economy in a position where production in the economy will increase and banks' investment in the housing sector will be profitable. But in a space where production is declining and the size of the granting of bank facilities is decreased, as the economy faces a positive shock to labor productivity in the housing sector or a positive shock to oil revenues, the freezing of banks' assets in the housing sector has not been favorable and, furthermore, putting them at risk by reducing profits and falling capital in banks.
tahere rezai; Atefeh Taklif; Abdolrasoul Ghasemi
Abstract
The global growth in energy consumption especially in fossil fuels together with environmental considerations has produced a prospect of considerable increase in the demand for natural gas. The particular conditions prevailing the Iranian gas industry such as the existence of the World largest ...
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The global growth in energy consumption especially in fossil fuels together with environmental considerations has produced a prospect of considerable increase in the demand for natural gas. The particular conditions prevailing the Iranian gas industry such as the existence of the World largest gas reservoir, the excellent geopolitical location, the access to the free seas and the availability of necessary infrastructures for pipelines as well as natural gas storage offers actual and potential advantages towards this objective, accordingly by benefiting these advantages, we can define the objectives and formulating appropriate actions towards promoting regional and global gas trade, perform an active role in the gas market. The realization of this objective may contribute towards advancing the international status of Iran in political and economic relations.For study the aforementioned topics, the feasibility study of establishing gas-trading hub in Iran is carried out with using SWOT approach. By focusing on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the Iranian gas industry, these points are examined within the SWOT matrix. Finally, the best strategies involving SO, WO, ST and WT strategies are analyzed regarding the transformation of Iranian gas industry into gas-trading hub in the region. The results show that the establishment of gas-trading hub in Iran is possible, although the domestic shortcomings and the international threats, the possibility of achieving this objective in the foreseeable future is rather weak.
Shaker Mohammadi; Ali Emami Meibodi; Afshin Javan; Amir Hossein Fakehi
Abstract
Importance of long-term planning in the energy sector and employing policy design tools are focal and strategic issues of the country. The main objective of this paper is to measure the supply (Energy Transformation) and demand of energy during the period of 2014-2042 according to the reference scenario ...
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Importance of long-term planning in the energy sector and employing policy design tools are focal and strategic issues of the country. The main objective of this paper is to measure the supply (Energy Transformation) and demand of energy during the period of 2014-2042 according to the reference scenario and policy scenarios, and to calculate the amount of oil and gas savings under the new scenarios of supply and demand management of the reference scenario. The results of modeling below various energy sectors indicate that energy demand will increase from 1321 MBOE in 2014 to 2471.3 MBOE in 2042. By defining new scenarios and adopting demand and supply management policies, the amount of crude oil savings in the projected year is 702.6 MBOE, which is higher than the base year's crude exports. This result attributed to crude oil exports will be added in the planning horizon. This paper concludes that the move towards utilizing energy demand management and energy supply (Energy Transformation) policies, as well as replacing the renewable energy sources of wind and solar instead of fossil fuels.
Reza Eivazlu; Mohammad Sayyadi; Masoud Khademi
Abstract
As the first link between the host governments and oil companies, oil contracts arrangements have an important role to risk sharing between contract parties. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to provide a comparative evaluation of the risk factor (Cost Risk, Price Risk, Production Risk) ...
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As the first link between the host governments and oil companies, oil contracts arrangements have an important role to risk sharing between contract parties. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to provide a comparative evaluation of the risk factor (Cost Risk, Price Risk, Production Risk) of National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) in Buy-Back (BB), Production Sharing Contract (PSC), and Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC), and choosing the best contract based on the risk factor. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Ranking Test, the average of the NPV of the NIOC in the IPC is more than the other types of contracts. However, the NPV in the IPC does not significantly differ from BB. Other findings revealed that the most risk of rising costs to the NIOC is related to the BB, IPC, and PSC, respectively. In addition, the most risk associated with a reduction in oil production is related to BB, IPC, and PSC, respectively. the most risk associated with the oil price reduction for the NIOC related to the IPC same as BB contracts that greater than PSC.
Amirabbas Farnoudi; Mohamad mahdi Asgari; Mahdi Sadeghi Shahedani; Ali Taheri Fard
Abstract
In this article the rate of return (ROR) and risk factors faced by international oil company (IOC), in IPC contract of Darkhowein oil field is modeled. For this purpose, we analyze the IPC contract specific risk factors that can contribute to a reduction in the rate of return for the international oil ...
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In this article the rate of return (ROR) and risk factors faced by international oil company (IOC), in IPC contract of Darkhowein oil field is modeled. For this purpose, we analyze the IPC contract specific risk factors that can contribute to a reduction in the rate of return for the international oil company including oil price, production level, capital cast, operating cost, and remuneration. The results of the cash flow risk analysis show the impact of these factors on the contractor's rate of return on IPC contracts is not significant in comparison to Buy-back contracts. The most important risk factor in Buy-back contracts is capital cast, which affects a large part of the contractor's returns, but in these contracts, this risk has been significantly reduced due to the government's additional compensation. In general, according to the results, it can be said that in IPC contracts, the contractor's return rate has not been heavily influenced by risk factors, and therefore the risk of the international oil company has fallen in these contracts.
