Iranian Energy Economics

Abstract In this paper, we assess the various impacts of “Targeting Subsidies Low” on Benefit to Cost Index (B/C) of pistachio arbor in Rafsanjan plain during 2010 to 2025. The results show that because of an 85 percent contribute to total income for pistachio exportation, under the condition of government intervention for foreign exchange costing, the huge inflation effects of “Targeting Subsidies Low” implementation will cause a significant decrease in B/C index of pistachio production. To avoid this, we suggest governors to make a supportive package of foreign exchange costing for pistachio farmers during the “Targeting Subsidies Low” implementation.

Abstract Among economical sectors of the country, residential sector is the largest final consumer of energy and despite other sectors; its energy intensity has an ascending trend. Accordingly, targeted subsidies law is one of the fundamental steps by implementing, the government aims to decrease energy consumption in residential sector. The aim of the present investigation is to express the effect of targeted subsidies law on the rate of consumption of electricity and natural gas within Isfahan households. For this reason, the research hypotheses have been analyzed by applying family ideas and formal statistics. Statistical population consisted of all families within 14 districts of Isfahan municipality. The Sample size, In order to investigate the hypotheses by applying the gathered data by means of a questionnaire and the significant reliability of 90%, consisted of 103 families and to investigate the first hypothesis by using formal data and the reliability of 95%, it was 365 families. The method of selecting participants was stratified random sampling. The analysis was based on deductive and descriptive statistical methods.  The results demonstrated that there is no significant reduction in electricity and natural gas consumption according to the families declaration. Data analysis and formal statistics have also confirmed no significant decline in electricity consumption of families after implementing the law. In addition, there is not a significant difference between fourteen zones of the city in terms of the rate of changing the consumption of electricity within families. there have been some differences between zones in terms of the rate of changing the consumption of natural gas within families.

Abstract In recent years, extensive researches have been conducted on implementation of demand response programs  (DRPs),  aimed  to  electricity  price  reduction,  transmission  lines  congestion  resolving,  security enhancement and improvement of market liquidity.  Basically, DRPs are divided into two main categories namely, incentive-based programs (IBPs) and time-based rate programs (TBRPs). An economic model of price /incentive demand response is derived based on the concept of flexible price elasticity of demand and customer utility function. In this paper has been shown that the customers’demand depends on different decision signals like the electricity price, participation level of customers, incentive and the penalty values determined for DRPs. By using the proposed economic model, the behavior of customers for different electricity prices, incentives, penalties and participation level of customers in DRPs was simulated with MATLAB. Then the performance of the proposed model was investigated through numerical study using Iranian network load profile on the annual peak day of the year 2007.

Abstract System marginal price auction and pay as bid auction are common auctions in electricity markets. The present article discusses the impacts of selecting between different common auctions in electricity markets (system marginal price auction and pay as bid auction) on production efficiency, total efficiency and average expected price in an asymmetric information situation, where each player’s information about the marginal cost of the competitor is incomplete. A model is designed to conduct the comparative study of alternative auction mechanisms. The model is based on two profit maximizing players, with full information about their marginal cost and incomplete information about their competitor. Assumptions which has been used to construct the model are based on Iran’s electricity market structure. The outcome indicates that although production efficiency in alternative auction mechanism do not differ from each other, expected price under system marginal price auction is lower than pay as bid mechanism. Vice versa occurs in total efficiency.  

Abstract Since the consumption of gasoil and gasoline in the Iranian economy, especially in the transportation sector is high, It is essential to thought serious solutions to improve the efficiency of these two petroleum products in various sectors. Improve the efficiency of gasoline and gasoil coupled with a problem called rebound effect (RE) Where the initial reduction in gasoline and gasoil consumption resulting in improved performance, partially neutralized. It is natural that neglecting the effect of the consumption of gasoline and gasoil would undermine the policy optimization. The purpose of this paper is to measuring the RE and changes in the transport sub-sector activity following a 10-percent improvement in efficiency of gasoline and gasoil. CGE model based on SAM1385 have been used to achieve the purposes of the paper. The results show that following a 10-percent improvement in efficiency of gasoline and gasoil, the maximum amount of RE for gasoline is in road transport sector (27.45 percent) and maximum amount of RE for gasoil is in road transport sector (25.21 percent). The average total RE of gasoline is equal 12.95% and for gasoil is equal 13.79%. It is noteworthy that following a 10-percent improvement in efficiency of gasoline and gasoil, rail transport sector has the greatest increase in activity level (13.4 percent).

Abstract With regard to the ever-increasing need for energy in current societies to satisfy various requirements, scientists and researchers from different countries, such as Iran, have a basic approach in their agenda to achieve renewable energies. The scientists believe that with regard to the limited fossil fuels and their environmental pollutions, renewable and clean energies can be the first alternative to generate energy. Our country, Iran, has numerous capabilities in the field of generating new and renewable energies. This fact emphasizes the need for an optimum model to develop the use of renewable energies. In line with this objective the costfunction is chosenas the objective function. Given the potential and limits ofrenewable energy (resources Limited), Consumptionof electricpowerin each of16regions (apply Limited) confidencelimits  of renewable energy (technical limitations), the model was designed and with use Robust optimization model was solved in LINGO software.The optimum of using renewable energies suggests the 36.71% generation of small hydropower energy, 18.22% wind energy, 17.19% biomass energy, 13.43% geothermal energy, 12.53% tidal energy, and 1% solar energy.

Abstract Today, the abundance of natural resources and corruption are important economic issues, especially in developing countries. In this study, using pooled Ordinary Least Squares and panel data approaches, the relationship between these two factors in OPEC countries is estimated during 2003-2010. Along with the oil and mineral rents (as a measure of natural resource abundance), other control variables such as per capita income, degree of openness and democracy are applied. The results show that the oil and mineral rents have significant and positive effect on the corruption level. This relationship, using other measures instead of the oil rents, is re-confirmed. Per capita income and openness also have significant negative effects on the corruption level, and there is no evidence that improving democracy reduces the corruption level, although it moderates the negative effect of natural resources on the corruption.