سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
javaher latifi; Ali Sayehmiri; asma shirkhani
Abstract
The Ecological Footprint Index measures the human demand for natural resources, which leads to climate change, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and environmental pollution. This study uses data from 1980 to 2021 and the Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) method to examine the effects of energy consumption, ...
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The Ecological Footprint Index measures the human demand for natural resources, which leads to climate change, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and environmental pollution. This study uses data from 1980 to 2021 and the Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) method to examine the effects of energy consumption, economic growth, globalization, and financial development on the ecological footprint in Iran. The results reveal that the impact of variables on the ecological footprint depends on the initial energy consumption threshold (3.6 exajoules). In both lower and higher regimes of this threshold, energy consumption and globalization positively and significantly contribute to increasing the ecological footprint, with these effects being significantly amplified in the higher regime. Additionally, economic growth significantly impacts the ecological footprint only in the higher regime, indicating the adverse effects of advanced economic development on the environment. Financial development, on the other hand, negatively and significantly affects the ecological footprint in both regimes, demonstrating its potential to reduce environmental pressures. However, this mitigating effect is stronger in the lower regime. Therefore, it is essential to devise effective strategies to reduce fossil fuel consumption and improve energy efficiency during advanced stages of economic growth to alleviate environmental pressures.
• سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
sasan houshyar; Vahid Dehbashi; hadi esmaeilpour moghadam
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of natural resource rents on financial development in selected MENSA (Middle East and North Africa) countries from 2000 to 2022 using an ARAL panel model. The results indicate that, in the short term, rising natural resource rents negatively affect financial development, ...
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This paper examines the impact of natural resource rents on financial development in selected MENSA (Middle East and North Africa) countries from 2000 to 2022 using an ARAL panel model. The results indicate that, in the short term, rising natural resource rents negatively affect financial development, primarily due to an over-dependence on natural resource revenues and a decline in non-oil sectors. However, in the long term, the adverse effects of these rents are alleviated, suggesting that effective management of natural resource revenues and investment in financial infrastructure can bolster financial development. The research findings reveal that trade openness has a positive and significant influence on financial development. Expanding international trade and attracting foreign investment through access to new technologies enhances the financial performance of MENSA countries. Conversely, increasing urbanization negatively impacts financial development, as the pressure on government finances to address infrastructure and municipal service needs restricts investment opportunities in the financial sector. Overall, effective management of natural resource revenues, enhancement of governance quality, and investment in financial infrastructure mitigate the negative effects of natural resource rents on financial development. Trade openness also contributes positively to financial development, while rising urbanization adversely affects it due to the strain on government finances.
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حاملهای انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Ebrahim Bahrami Nia; Samaneh Norani Azad; Seyed Hosein Izadi; Reza Shamsolahi
Abstract
In recent years, the surge in greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, and climate change has emerged as a pivotal concern for environmental planners and policymakers. Given the predominant role of fossil fuels in carbon dioxide emissions, this study focuses on mitigating emissions, particularly ...
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In recent years, the surge in greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, and climate change has emerged as a pivotal concern for environmental planners and policymakers. Given the predominant role of fossil fuels in carbon dioxide emissions, this study focuses on mitigating emissions, particularly in nations with robust fossil fuel economies. The primary objective of this research is to examine the impact of financial development and governance quality on carbon dioxide emissions within oil-exporting countries, utilizing the panel smooth transition regression model spanning the period 2000-2021. The findings substantiate the presence of a nonlinear relationship between financial development and carbon dioxide emissions. Initially, financial development exerts a positive and significant impact on emissions; however, beyond a certain threshold, this effect reverses, becoming negative. Regarding governance effectiveness, many oil-exporting nations wield substantial market influence due to their significant oil revenues. Notably, oil exporting-firms in these countries are predominantly state-owned or quasi-state firms. Their insulation from competitive threats, coupled with a lack of adherence to regulatory frameworks, has resulted in elevated carbon dioxide emissions under both governance regimes.
Hossein Amiri; Lesyan Saedpour; Abas Kalantary
Abstract
This paper evaluates the threshold effect of income on carbon dioxide emissions intensity in the MENA countries using panel smooth transition regression model. For this purpose, the variables of financial development, openness, energy intensity, income per capital and carbon dioxide emissions intensity ...
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This paper evaluates the threshold effect of income on carbon dioxide emissions intensity in the MENA countries using panel smooth transition regression model. For this purpose, the variables of financial development, openness, energy intensity, income per capital and carbon dioxide emissions intensity over the period 1980 to 2011 are employed. While the results strongly indicated the existence of a nonlinear relationship, considering one transition function and two threshold parameters is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship among variables. The empirical results show that the slope parameter in which the speed of adjustment represent from one regime to another one is estimated equivalent of 78762, and two threshold parameters estimated 1176 $ and 11614 $ based on income per capita respectively. The variables of openness and income per capital lead to reduce carbon dioxide emissions intensity in both regimes in which the impact of income per capital in first regime and openness in second regime is greater than another regime. Although, financial development leads to slight increase in carbon dioxide emissions intensity in the first regime, but in the second regime leads to decreases it.
Sidikamal Sadeghi; Reza Ranjpour; Nusrat Mokhtarzadeh Khaneghahi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , April 2014, , Pages 131-149
Abstract
Since energy resources are of prime importance and limitation in Iran's economic developments, specifying the quality and quantity of the effective factors in energy requirments are of particular significance. In this research, first the effective factors on energy request ...
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Since energy resources are of prime importance and limitation in Iran's economic developments, specifying the quality and quantity of the effective factors in energy requirments are of particular significance. In this research, first the effective factors on energy request as well as the effect of financial development along with GDP are surveyed. Then the population are surveyed in energy consumption along with ARDL technique using with Granger causality in the period of ( 1363-1390). Meanwhile, the long-run relationship among variables were verified using the test group of Pesaran. For more detailed evaluation of the obtained results of this study, the method of "bootstrap" is used to compute the standard deviation, confidence interval, correct bias and the statistical inference. The results show that financial development has a positive and meaningful effect on the electricity consumption. Also it show that there is bi-directional causality between financial development and economic growth. and causality is from financial development to electricity consumption. Electricity consumption is affected by both economic and financial development. According to the results of the study, to achieve economic development, the demand for energy, in addition to financial development should carefully examined.
Timur Mohammadi; hameed nazeman; Younes khodaparast persarai
Volume 3, Issue 10 , April 2014, , Pages 151-178
Abstract
Economic growth is one of the main macroeconomic goals of most countries. It is therefore, of paramount importance to recognize the major factors that influence it. Financial development and trade openness are usually considered as two significant factors that affect economic growth in various ways. ...
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Economic growth is one of the main macroeconomic goals of most countries. It is therefore, of paramount importance to recognize the major factors that influence it. Financial development and trade openness are usually considered as two significant factors that affect economic growth in various ways. Using a vector error correction model (VECM), this study investigates the causality relationship between financial development, trade openness and economic growth in two major oil producing countries , Iran and Norway. The study period for Iran is 1967-2009, and for Norway is 1967-2006.The ratio of liquidity to GDP and the ratio of bank credit to the private sector to GDP have been used as two financial development indices. The trade openness and economic growth have been illustrated using trade intensity index and the GDP per capita. Findings of the study indicate that financial development and trade openness are both significant cause of economic growth in Iran in the short run. There is also a bi-directional causality between both indicators of financial development and economic growth in the long run. In Norwegian economy it is indicated that there is a significant causal relationship between bank credit to the private sector and economic growth in the short-term, and there also is a bi-directional causality between bank credit to the private sector and trade intensity in Norway in the long- term. Therefore, it can be concluded that according to the findings of this study, practically there is the supply side view in Iran, while there is the demand side view in Norway.
Hossein Asgharpourpour; Davoad Behboodi; Rabab Mohammadi Khaneghahi
Volume 2, Issue 6 , April 2013, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
During the last decades, global warming and climate change has created much concern across the world. These concerns coincided with the aim of achieving higher economic growth, has become Environmental risks arising from economic activity to a controversial issue. The main objective of this study is ...
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During the last decades, global warming and climate change has created much concern across the world. These concerns coincided with the aim of achieving higher economic growth, has become Environmental risks arising from economic activity to a controversial issue. The main objective of this study is to investigate the long run effects of economic and financial developments on environmental pollution in selected Opec countries over the period 1973-2007. The results show that financial development indicators have significantly negative impact on CO2 emissions. Also, the results show that the relationship between economic development and CO2 emissions follow a N shaped relationship. Hence, the recommended policy is more financial development in order to improve the quality of the environment.
Hamid Reza horee; sated Abolmagged galali; sayeed gafare
Volume 2, Issue 6 , April 2013, , Pages 27-48
Abstract
Today, environmental issues, especially water and air pollution problems have become a major global concern. Air pollution, affects the health of living organisms and natural ecosystems. According to various studies, financial development in a country may attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and higher ...
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Today, environmental issues, especially water and air pollution problems have become a major global concern. Air pollution, affects the health of living organisms and natural ecosystems. According to various studies, financial development in a country may attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and higher degrees of research and development (R&D). This, in turn can, increase the environmental performance and thereby reduce environmental pollution. This investigation aims to examine the role of financial development and energy consumption in Iran during 1971-2007, in the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve, using ARDL approach. According to results further financial development in Iran lead to decrease of CO2 emissions. In addition, an increase in energy consumption in Iran is likely to increase CO2 emissions. Also, the results reject the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Iran in the long-term.
Karim Islamluian Islamluian; Ali Hossein Ostadzad
Volume 2, Issue 5 , January 2013, , Pages 1-48
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to develop a model for determining the optimal shares of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy in a sustainable growth model. We develop an optimal control model in which nonrenewable and renewable sources of energy are inputs of production. The model allows ...
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The main purpose of this study is to develop a model for determining the optimal shares of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy in a sustainable growth model. We develop an optimal control model in which nonrenewable and renewable sources of energy are inputs of production. The model allows us to determine the optimal shares of renewable and nonrenewable energy inputs. Finally, we use the model to determine these shares for Iran. Genetic algorithms technique is used to estimate the coefficient for production and utility functions. We also estimate the pollution equation. Using these parameters, we derive the optimal paths for consumption, output and renewable and nonrenewable energy shares in Iran. The results show that the optimal share of renewable energy in total energy consumption is about 0.8 percent in 2010. While the actual share of renewable energy in Iran was 0.4 percent. Moreover, our model predicts this share should rise to 2.1 percent of total energy consumption by 2021 to be able to stay on sustainable growth path. This requires an average growth rate of 26 percent in renewable energy production each year.
Mehdi Moradpouravladi; Mohseni Ebrahim
Volume 2, Issue 5 , January 2013, , Pages 187-209
Abstract
Financial development is an important factor in economic growth, particularly in developing economies. Financial development can increase the efficiency of the financial system and on the other hand it can affect the energy demand. This paper investigates the relationship between financial development ...
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Financial development is an important factor in economic growth, particularly in developing economies. Financial development can increase the efficiency of the financial system and on the other hand it can affect the energy demand. This paper investigates the relationship between financial development and energy demand in Iran, Using the ARDL and ECM model in 1359 to 1386 . The paper seeks to answer the question whether there is a positive statistical relationship between two variables, financial development and energy demand. Finally, the existence of such a relationship was established in a statistical analysis both for short term and long term. Elasticity of the indicators of financial development in the long were obtained greater than 1. This indicates that the index of long term impact of financial development on energy demand is relatively high.
energy consumption, foreign trade, human development index have significant and positive effect on pollution; (iv) The results of static and dynamic models estimation are consistent together, although quantity of coefficients in dynamic model are smaller than static model. In dynamic model, the elasticity of pollution relative to institutions quality is (-0.2), which indicates dynamic effects of institutions quality on pollution is smaller than its static effects.
