• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حاملهای انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
KHALED ALJOMAA; Teimor Mohammadi; Atefeh Taklif; Touraj Dehghani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the economic efficiency of Iran's petroleum contracts, buyback contracts, and production-sharing contracts. This study also determined the optimum path for production and drilling operations in the Yadavaran oil field which has special importance because it is ...
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The purpose of this study is to compare the economic efficiency of Iran's petroleum contracts, buyback contracts, and production-sharing contracts. This study also determined the optimum path for production and drilling operations in the Yadavaran oil field which has special importance because it is a joint field with Iraq. It was estimated using real field data and the SQP algorithm by MATLAB software. First, the objective function, the constraints of each contract model, and the cost function are defined and expressed based on field data. For the objective function, the oil price is determined based on the reference price scenario and based on the forecast of the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). Cao et al (2009) 's cost function model is also modified by using historical field data (first development phase data) to be applied to the study field. The results show that the most efficient oil contract is the Iran petroleum contract, with a low floor for capital costs and no limit to the number of drilled wells. it was proved that the buyback contract with the ceiling of capital costs incompatible with the recovery coefficient has recorded the lowest efficiency. Also, the Iran petroleum contract can be a good alternative to the buyback contract, because it can well solve the problems of the buyback contract, especially for joint oil fields where the priority of the objective function of the maximum cumulative production over the objective function of the maximum present value of the total profit is more desirable.
Mohsen Pourebadollahan Covich; Firouz Fallahi; Kioumars Heydari; Pouyan Kiani
Abstract
Since electricity distribution companies operate in various environmental conditions, their relative efficiency scores used for regulation purposes, should be corrected for environmental factors that could influence the underlying efficiency of them. This paper conducts efficiency correction for 39 Iranian ...
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Since electricity distribution companies operate in various environmental conditions, their relative efficiency scores used for regulation purposes, should be corrected for environmental factors that could influence the underlying efficiency of them. This paper conducts efficiency correction for 39 Iranian electricity distribution companies applying two stage (DEA and Tobit) analysis in 2015. Accordingly, first to the efficiency performances of the electricity distribution companies are determined using DEA. In the second stage, the Tobit model is emploied to determine the environment factors which may explain the calculated efficiency scores. Based on the results, the rainfall level and the customer mix have negative and positive effects on efficiency of electricity distribution companies, respectively. Hence, the primary efficiency scores of DEA are corrected for environmental influences. The comparison of the primary and the corrected efficiencies indicate a significant changes in the efficiency scores and the ranking of the Iranian electricity distribution companies, such that the efficiency of companies with higher rainfall and lower industrial customers relative to their average, have increased, and vice versa.
khalil jahangiri; Hasan Heydari; Seyed Ali Hoseini EbrahimAbad
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the whole economy of Iran. For this purpose, the states of high and low efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the economy was detected by using of markov ...
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The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the whole economy of Iran. For this purpose, the states of high and low efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the economy was detected by using of markov regime switching model during the period 1963 to 2014. The results show that the duration of low efficiency regime in the industrial sector is more stable than the high efficiency regime. The average duration of the low efficiency regime is 2.84 times of high efficiency regime. The results also show that the general level of prices and per capita production has negative and positive effect on the efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the whole economy respectively. So, It is expected to improve the efficiency of electricity consumption in the national level and the industrial sector when inflation declines and economic growth occurs.
Zakaria Farajzadeh
Abstract
In spite the global efforts to reduce energy intensity; Iran’s energy intensity has been increasing during the recent decades. To get a more detailed investigation of energy intensity, this study aims at decomposing energy intensity into its components including efficiency and structural change ...
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In spite the global efforts to reduce energy intensity; Iran’s energy intensity has been increasing during the recent decades. To get a more detailed investigation of energy intensity, this study aims at decomposing energy intensity into its components including efficiency and structural change as well as at examining driving forces behind Iran’s energy intensity components during 1973-2011. Energy intensity decomposition showed that efficiency changes accounts for the most of increased energy intensity. It is found in this study that income (GDP), capital- labor ratio and urbanization are the most determinants of energy intensity and its components. Regarding the non-linear relationship between energy intensity and driving forces of income and capital-labor ratio as well as the estimated turning points, income plays a significant role in increase of energy intensity while capital-labor ratio tends to induce a reduction in energy intensity. Although urbanization has a positive contribution to energy intensity via structural changes component, its dominant effect on improved energy efficiency leads to an overall effect of reduced energy intensity by more than 1.8% as 1% increase in urbanization. The results showed a limited effect for price and share of industry in GDP and left no significant role for economic integration and foreign direct investment. The corresponding value for these variables remain less than 0.05%. 1.0pt;line-height:85%;font-family:"B Zar";letter-spacing: -.2pt;mso-bidi-language:FA;mso-ansi-font-style:italic'>کار با شاخصهای شدت انرژی و نقطه عطف مترتب بر آنها در مجموع اثر درآمد در جهت افزایش شدت انرژی و اثر سرمایه در جهت کاهش شدت انرژی ارزیابی شد. اما شهرنشینی با وجود افزایش شدت انرژی از طریق تغییرات ساختاری از طریق بهبود کارایی در مجموع موجب کاهش شدت انرژی فراتر از 8/1 درصد به ازای 1 درصد افزایش شهرنشینی خواهد شد. اثر قیمت و سهم صنعت از تولید ناخالص داخلی بر شاخصهای فوق محدود و اثر متغیرهای شاخص ادغام تجاری و سرمایهگذاری خارجی قابل اغماض ارزیابی شد. رقم متناظر برای متغیرهای یاد شده بیشتر کمتر از 05/0 درصد به دست آمد.
mohamadnabi ShahakiTash; Ali Norouzi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , April 2014, , Pages 93-130
Abstract
In this study, we perform a parametric analysis of the energy structure, estimating the demand function of natural gas as well as assessing the factors affecting the short-run and long-run intensity of natural gas in Iran's energy-intensive industries during 2003-2010. The energy-intensive industries ...
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In this study, we perform a parametric analysis of the energy structure, estimating the demand function of natural gas as well as assessing the factors affecting the short-run and long-run intensity of natural gas in Iran's energy-intensive industries during 2003-2010. The energy-intensive industries consume on average 94.5 percent of total energy and over 97.5 percent of natural gas of entire industry. Findings indicate that the intensity of natural gas consumption in short-run and long-run is equal to 0.1493 percent and 0.1144 percent, respectively, and the energy-intensive industries have approximately operate efficiently in natural gas consumption. Assessing the trend of contribution and intensity of natural gas of energy-intensive industries indicates that total share of natural gas of 10 industries has been increased in the whole period and the amount of natural gas intensity (on average) has been decreased in short and long-run. The most important factor in increaseing efficiency in long-run is the reduction of substitution effect, and the important factor in the overall reduction of intensity of natural gas in short-term is reduction of positive budget effect. Accordingly, we can conclude that the change in prices of all production inputs is an important factor in the change of the intensity of natural gas and the other components (production and technology) have far less influence in determining the intensity of natural gas.
Jafar Ebadi; Amir Doudabi Nezhad
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2011, , Pages 133-179
Abstract
Almost in the entire history of 20th century, vertically integrated monopolistic companies have controlled the electricity industry. In this traditional method, these firms were the only service provider in their territory; including power generation, transition, distribution and retail. Necessity of ...
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Almost in the entire history of 20th century, vertically integrated monopolistic companies have controlled the electricity industry. In this traditional method, these firms were the only service provider in their territory; including power generation, transition, distribution and retail. Necessity of economic efficiency deployment, resulted in structural reform in electricity industry that has created variety of subjects such as restructuring, unbundling, deregulation, reregulation and privatization. Electricity industry restructuring means breaking up vertical monopolistic control of governments on industry through unbundling into competitive and uncompetitive sectors. Electricity distribution sector essentially has natural monopoly characteristics therefore is not competitive and should work under regulation. The main objective of this research is to find the most efficient incentive regulation model for electricity distribution sector of Iran by which social welfare function may be maximized. Price and revenue cap models are the most prevalent incentive schemes that have been compared with each other. To design this model, cost function of 38 electricity distribution companies has been estimated and marginal cost of each company has been assumed as the first best price. Efficiency of these companies has been calculated by means of data envelop analysis method. Afterward 2 price regulation schemes has been modeled for years 1388 until 1390. Finally, residential electricity demand function has been estimated by means of autoregressive distributed lags method. Calculation of the difference between total welfare of each model with the first best price; indicates that without considering air pollution externalities, price cap scheme maximizes total welfare. However, considering the externalities, revenue cap model is found to have better effect on total welfare.
