Ali Homayoun; Mohammad Qezelbash; mohammad tohidi
Abstract
it is of strategic importance to investigate the methods of financing the establishment of petroleum refinery units. Meanwhile, economic sanctions have seriously affected the access to financing methods, especially the financing methods of petroleum refinery projects. For this purpose, this research ...
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it is of strategic importance to investigate the methods of financing the establishment of petroleum refinery units. Meanwhile, economic sanctions have seriously affected the access to financing methods, especially the financing methods of petroleum refinery projects. For this purpose, this research has identified and ranked the financing methods of petroleum refinery projects according to the current conditions of the country's economic system. In order to identify the types of financing methods for petroleum refinery projects, all available library documents such as books, articles and related research reports were studied. In the next step, with the aim of firstly ensuring the statistics of all methods and secondly extracting the criteria for prioritizing financing methods, interviews were conducted with financing experts in the refinery and petrochemical industry, and the findings were analyzed using thematic analysis method. In the following, after the initial review and refinement of financing methods by the focal group, a questionnaire for prioritizing financing methods was compiled and provided to the experts. Examining the results of prioritization showed that joint venture (JV), build, operate and transfer (BOT), build, lease and transfer (BLT), lines of credit, engineering, procurement, construction and finance (EPCF), exchange of oil and oil products with other goods and equipment and even the project, participation in the net profit (Net Profit Interest) and pre-sale agreements (Off-Take Agreement), eight "main and priority methods", for the financing of suitable petrochemical projects in the current coordinates of Iran's economy
• سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
Amrollah Amini; Hassan Amoozadeh Khalili
Abstract
Today, energy demand has increased as a result of population growth around the world. Due to the limited fossil energy resources and the problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to pay more attention to renewable energy, because in this way, the goals of sustainable development can ...
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Today, energy demand has increased as a result of population growth around the world. Due to the limited fossil energy resources and the problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to pay more attention to renewable energy, because in this way, the goals of sustainable development can be achieved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to properly evaluate the performance of renewable energy technologies and also to investigate the relationship between renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions, and sustainable development in Iran and compare it with non-renewable energy. In order to rank renewable energy carriers and identify the best type of them for electricity generation in Iran, a multi-criteria decision model has been used. In this regard, by conducting library studies and collecting the opinions of experts, a set of criteria in the form of four technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions has been determined. Then, using the VIKOR approach, renewable energies consisting of wind, hydropower, solar, biomass, and geothermal energies are discussed. Findings indicate a high priority of wind energy and solar, hydropower, geothermal and biomass are in the next ranks. The results indicate that the effect of positive momentum on the share of renewable and non-renewable energy on sustainable development in Iran is positive.
