• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حاملهای انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Marzieh Asgari; Morteza Khorsandi; Abdolrasol Ghasemi
Abstract
Renewable energies are more compatible with the environment and their preparation and production have less pollution. In addition, since there is no end in sight for this type of energy, renewable energies take on a greater share in the world's energy supply system day by day, even in countries with ...
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Renewable energies are more compatible with the environment and their preparation and production have less pollution. In addition, since there is no end in sight for this type of energy, renewable energies take on a greater share in the world's energy supply system day by day, even in countries with fossil energy. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the consumption of renewable energy in OPEC member countries using the panel data approach in the period from 2004 to 2018. In this research, the effects of factors such as good governance index, human capital, intensity of carbon dioxide emission, income (GDP) and crude oil price were investigated. The results of estimating the model using the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS method indicated that the good governance index, human capital, carbon dioxide emission intensity and income (GDP) have a positive and significant effect on the consumption of renewable energy in OPEC member countries, but the price Crude oil has no significant effect on the consumption of this group of energies in the mentioned countries. Factors such as the high cost of establishing renewable industries in OPEC member countries and the dependence of these countries' economies on oil revenues can be considered among the reasons for this result.
• سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
Hamid Amadeh; Alireza Moghaddam; Morteza Khorsandi
Abstract
This study examined the impacts of economic policy uncertainty and oil price on carbon dioxide emissions as a criterion of environmental quality in seven OPEC member countries from 1990 until 2019. According to the theoretical framework, economic policy uncertainty can directly or indirectly affect the ...
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This study examined the impacts of economic policy uncertainty and oil price on carbon dioxide emissions as a criterion of environmental quality in seven OPEC member countries from 1990 until 2019. According to the theoretical framework, economic policy uncertainty can directly or indirectly affect the quality of the environment, such as through direct policy adjustment, consumption, and investment channels. In this regard, with the help of panel data, the experimental models of this study were estimated and evaluated by the Fully-modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method. The results indicate that the economic policy uncertainty and the oil price variables are statistically significant in both models, and their coefficient is positive. In other words, higher policy-related economic uncertainty and oil price over this period has led to higher carbon dioxide emissions and, thus, lower environmental quality in OPEC member countries. Ultimately, the estimates in the second model confirm an inverse U-shaped relationship between economic growth and the quality of the environment of these countries in the mentioned period, based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis.
• اقتصاد سیاسی انرژی به ویژه در حوزه خلیج فارس
Zahra Dirkvand; Younes Nademi; Reza Maaboudi
Abstract
Due to the heavy reliance on oil revenue in oil-exporting countries, fluctuations in oil prices can impact the social behavior of individuals within society. As a result, it appears that social capital, as a process of social institutions, is affected by oil rent. The purpose of this research is to investigate ...
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Due to the heavy reliance on oil revenue in oil-exporting countries, fluctuations in oil prices can impact the social behavior of individuals within society. As a result, it appears that social capital, as a process of social institutions, is affected by oil rent. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of oil rent on social capital in selected OPEC oil-exporting countries from 2009 to 2020 using the threshold panel method. The findings indicate that the threshold value for the ratio of oil rent to GDP is estimated at 3.4%. Prior to this threshold, the ratio of oil rent to GDP had a positive and significant effect on social capital; however, after surpassing this threshold, the ratio of oil rent had a negative and significant effect on social capital. Inflation also had a non-linear effect on social capital, while government size did not have a significant impact. Based on these results and the detrimental effects of high levels of oil rent on social capital, it is necessary to control methods that divert oil resources towards rent-seeking activities. One solution could be removing control over oil rent from governments and transferring it directly to citizens. Experience with government management of oil has shown that instead of optimal allocation, most funds have been spent destructively; therefore, mismanagement has turned this divine gift into a curse.
• اقتصاد سیاسی انرژی به ویژه در حوزه خلیج فارس
majidreza momeni
Abstract
OPEC was established to play a greater role in the international energy system, and over a period of time, the trans-OPEC states have tried to influence the functioning and status of the organization. One of these actors has been the United States, which has influenced the organization by adopting various ...
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OPEC was established to play a greater role in the international energy system, and over a period of time, the trans-OPEC states have tried to influence the functioning and status of the organization. One of these actors has been the United States, which has influenced the organization by adopting various policies and plans, even after the discovery of Shale technology, which is becoming a major supplier of oil. In this regard, this piece of research seeks to address the important question of how the US energy policies during the Trump presidency affected OPEC? to answer the question, it is hypothesized that with the discovery of Shale technology and its expansion during Trump's presidency, the United States has tried to establish a new international energy order as well as to change the traditional energy geopolitics in order to sideline the organization. This research analyzes the issue by applying the theory of realism as well as using an explanatory method with primary and secondary data including documents, reports, speeches, books, articles, and valid websites. Finally, the findings of the study emphasize the fact that it is necessary for Iranian officials and policymakers to know and understand US energy policies, especially during the Trump era and developments in the global energy system so that to be able to try moderating the consequences of the sanctions and paving the way for Iran’s return as one of the significant players of the field of energy in the international system
ali heydari fathabad; Atefeh Taklif
Abstract
The efforts of oil importing countries to transfer from fossil fuels to non-fossil fuels and the feasibility of commercial exploitation of unconventional oil and gas reserves can jeopardize the security of demand for crude oil by exporting countries. . In this study, by calculating the oil demand risk ...
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The efforts of oil importing countries to transfer from fossil fuels to non-fossil fuels and the feasibility of commercial exploitation of unconventional oil and gas reserves can jeopardize the security of demand for crude oil by exporting countries. . In this study, by calculating the oil demand risk index from OPEC member countries during the years 2000-2014, the relationship between this variable and the price of oil by investing in the upstream sector of the oil industry of these countries during the years (2000-2012) Using panel data model with random effects has been investigated. The results show that the effect of the index of risk of demand for oil exports on investment in the upstream sector of the oil industry is negative and this effect is significant. Therefore, given the coefficient of the risk index of demand for oil exports, it can be concluded that a percentage change in the risk of demand for oil exports makes up 0.51percent of investment in the upstream sector of the oil industry in the opposite direction. In addition, the effect of oil prices on investment in the upstream of the oil industry is positive, so that a 1percent change in oil prices changes 1،12percent of investment in the upstream sector of the oil industry in the same direction.
Hosein Mohammadi; Shirin Zarif
Abstract
Given that economic growth is one of the main goals of many of the economic policies of governments, and these policies can have side effects, such as environmental damage, attention to factors that improve the performance of the environment is important. In this study, the effects of variables such ...
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Given that economic growth is one of the main goals of many of the economic policies of governments, and these policies can have side effects, such as environmental damage, attention to factors that improve the performance of the environment is important. In this study, the effects of variables such as energy intensity (as one of the common variables of energy efficiency), use of chemical fertilizers, human development index and industrial value added, on the environmental performance index for the two groups of OPEC and OECD countries have been investigated using dynamic panel data approach during 2007-2014. The results showed that the increase of variables such as consumption of energy intensity, consumption of chemical fertilizers and industrial value added would decrease the EPI, so that the increase of one unit in the energy intensity variable will result in a decrease of 0.019 and 0.029 units in the environmental performance index in OPEC and OECD countries. According to the results of the study, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution by adopting policies such as implementing stringent regulations for environmental pollutants and limiting the use of energy, along with economic growth.
hamidreza arbab; Ali Emami Meibodi; Saba Rajabi Ghadi
Abstract
The amount of energy consumption per growth affects on economic growth in all countries, so the access of world countries to variety of energy is essential for economic growth. Numerous studies in a world have shown that the pace of growth of energy consumption will largely depend on the level of economic ...
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The amount of energy consumption per growth affects on economic growth in all countries, so the access of world countries to variety of energy is essential for economic growth. Numerous studies in a world have shown that the pace of growth of energy consumption will largely depend on the level of economic growth. The present study aims to investigate on the researches that has been done on impact of the renewable energy consumption on the economic growth, all over the world. And after that the relation between renewable energy consumption and growth in a selected countries of OPEC members during 1985-2014. With unit root test determine stability of data and proved that all data are stable. The linear Granger causality test indicate unidirectional causality from energy consumption to growth. F limer and hausman test also stimate for determining the Regression model.
Seyed Mohammad Shahab Tabatabaee Atabak; Teymour Mohammadi; Morteza Khorsandi
Abstract
Market power refers to the ability to affecting to the market. The firm has a pricing power in the monopoly market. One of the types of monopolies is the cartel. Two important features of behavior in form of the cartel are the impact on the amount of production and price. In terms of production, the ...
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Market power refers to the ability to affecting to the market. The firm has a pricing power in the monopoly market. One of the types of monopolies is the cartel. Two important features of behavior in form of the cartel are the impact on the amount of production and price. In terms of production, the cartel controls the production through coordination among the members, and in terms of impact on prices, it affects the price of the market by controlling production. In this study, to investigate the market power of OPEC, this issue will be discussed that whether OPEC acts as a cartel, or not? Therefore, to measure the market power of OPEC, The behavior and coordination of OPEC members’ production decisions are being studied. The research hypotheses are as follows, there is coordination in behavior and production decisions between the production of OPEC and the production of OPEC members, and total production of OPEC determines oil prices in the global oil markets. To prove the first hypothesis, used ARDL bounds testing approach of co-integration, and for the second hypothesis, used Toda-Yamamoto tests. The data used in this study includes the production of OPEC members, global oil prices (Brent, Dubai and WTI), in the period of 1994-2016, quarterly and monthly and 1980-2016, annual. The results indicates that there is no long-term relationship between the production of OPEC members and total production of OPEC, also causality from oil prices to OPEC production, also the direction of causality is from oil prices to OPEC production.
Zahra Jalili; Abbas Alavi Rad; Ebrahim Sharifi
Abstract
Nowadays, greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of fossil fuels has led to environmental problems such as global warming which result in using low carbon energy sources and renewable energy as a potential substitute for fossil fuels and nonrenewable energy. This study is going to investigate Environmental ...
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Nowadays, greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of fossil fuels has led to environmental problems such as global warming which result in using low carbon energy sources and renewable energy as a potential substitute for fossil fuels and nonrenewable energy. This study is going to investigate Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for 11 elected OPEC countries, from 1980 to 2013 by using nonlinear quadratic model. The consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy are considered together in this model which has been carried out by PMG (Pooled Mean Group). According to the outcomes of the research the Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is confirmed in these selected countries and studied period. The coefficient of nonrenewable energy consumption is statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level. Its estimated coefficient is 0.67 and states a 1% increase in nonrenewable energy consumption which leads to CO2 emission rise by 0.67%. It indicates that overusing of nonrenewable energy and fossil fuels increases environmental and air pollution. Also, the coefficient of renewable energy consumption is -0.005 that it is not statistically significant.
Mohammad Ali Falahi; Mohammad Hossein Mahdavi Adeli; Fereshteh Jandaghi
Volume 3, Issue 11 , July 2014, , Pages 195-225
Abstract
Today, the abundance of natural resources and corruption are important economic issues, especially in developing countries. In this study, using pooled Ordinary Least Squares and panel data approaches, the relationship between these two factors in OPEC countries is estimated during 2003-2010. Along with ...
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Today, the abundance of natural resources and corruption are important economic issues, especially in developing countries. In this study, using pooled Ordinary Least Squares and panel data approaches, the relationship between these two factors in OPEC countries is estimated during 2003-2010. Along with the oil and mineral rents (as a measure of natural resource abundance), other control variables such as per capita income, degree of openness and democracy are applied. The results show that the oil and mineral rents have significant and positive effect on the corruption level. This relationship, using other measures instead of the oil rents, is re-confirmed. Per capita income and openness also have significant negative effects on the corruption level, and there is no evidence that improving democracy reduces the corruption level, although it moderates the negative effect of natural resources on the corruption.
Mansour Zaraanjad; pouyan kiani; Salah Ebrahimi; Ali Raoofi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , January 2013, , Pages 107-207
Abstract
Crude oil prices are influenced by many factors. Inclusion of all these determinants in a single model is complex and inefficient. In this case, using time series approach might be appropriate. In the later method past behavior of oil prices is used to forecast its future volatility. Several time series ...
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Crude oil prices are influenced by many factors. Inclusion of all these determinants in a single model is complex and inefficient. In this case, using time series approach might be appropriate. In the later method past behavior of oil prices is used to forecast its future volatility. Several time series studies were conducted to forecast oil prices using methods such as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and artificial neural networks (ANN). All these methods need a large volume of data to have accurate forecasting. One way to overcome this limitation is to use fuzzy regression (FA) models which can give more accurate forecasting with less data. In this study, the three methods, fuzzy regression, ARIMA and fuzzy autoregressive integrated moving average (FARIMA) were applied using the daily oil price in order to forecast oil prices. To compare the forecast accuracy of the model, the prediction error criteria was used. The results showed that the performance of FARIMA is much better than the other two models.
