مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Raheleh Shojaei; Farzaneh Khalili; Ali Emami Meibodi; Ali Nazari
Abstract
Finding effective factors on productivity for its impact on economic growth and development is essential for societies, especially countries that are in the process of development. By examining new researches and analyzing the economic conditions and problems of developing countries, we find the importance ...
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Finding effective factors on productivity for its impact on economic growth and development is essential for societies, especially countries that are in the process of development. By examining new researches and analyzing the economic conditions and problems of developing countries, we find the importance of the factor of energy consumption, especially non-renewable energies such as oil consumption, and the question of whether more energy (oil) consumption will lead the country towards productivity improvement is crucial for developing a development plan and roadmap. The study investigates the effect of energy consumption (oil) on total factor productivity using the Cobb-Douglas production function and solo growth model, for 10 developing countries including Iran, based on the Human Development Index from1996 to 2022. In this research, using panel data, first through the primary model, which is the generalized Cobb-Douglas function linear model, the total factor productivity was calculated, and then through the secondary model, including the total factor productivity variable, the research hypothesis was investigated. The results showed that the effect of energy consumption on total factor productivity (TFP) in selected developed countries is negative and meaningless and the effect of urbanization is negative and significant. Also, the effect of energy consumption and urbanization on the productivity of all factors in emerging and developing countries is negative and significant. The desirability of the Watson-R camera statistic and the significance of the overall regression were reviewed and confirmed in each group.
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Somayeh Azami; Pouria Mohammadi
Abstract
GDP is one of the factors affecting energy consumption and climate change. This study examines the impact of GDP on energy consumption in OPEC countries in two stages. In the first stage, based on the panel causality test, the causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption was investigated, and ...
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GDP is one of the factors affecting energy consumption and climate change. This study examines the impact of GDP on energy consumption in OPEC countries in two stages. In the first stage, based on the panel causality test, the causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption was investigated, and the results indicate a one-way causal relationship from GDP to energy consumption. In the second stage, using a dynamic panel threshold regression model, this study investigated the role of energy intensity (one of the important indicators of energy efficiency) in the relationship between energy consumption and the GDP of OPEC countries. The results showed that at values above the threshold level of energy intensity (7.27), GDP significantly increases energy consumption, while at values below this level, GDP has a positive and non-significant effect on energy consumption. Without considering the control variables, at values above the threshold level of energy intensity (6.91), GDP significantly increases energy consumption, while at values below this level, GDP has a negative and non-significant effect on energy consumption. In energy and environmental policy-making, paying attention to energy intensity can lead to sustainable economic growth. Also, the results of this study are related to the Kuznets Environmental Curve Hypothesis; at low-intensity energy levels, increased GDP does not necessarily lead to environmental damage.
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Ali Moridian; Zahra Azizi
Abstract
The impact of technological advances on energy consumption is one of the topics that has been considered by many researchers and policymakers. Numerous researchers have tried to evaluate this relationship based on various technology indicators. The index of economic complexity is one of the new indicators ...
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The impact of technological advances on energy consumption is one of the topics that has been considered by many researchers and policymakers. Numerous researchers have tried to evaluate this relationship based on various technology indicators. The index of economic complexity is one of the new indicators that has been used in recent years to measure the level of knowledge and technology in the production structure. In this paper, the index of economic complexity along with energy prices and GDP have been used as determining factors of energy consumption in Iran during the period 1976 to 2018. Quantile regression results show that the coefficients of the variables are different in the deciles. The impact of economic complexity on energy consumption in all deciles has been positive, indicating the dominance of the rebound effect on energy consumption. Price elasticity is less than one in all deciles and less in the higher consumption deciles. In contrast, the income elasticity of energy demand was higher in the upper deciles
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
MohammadAli Avindeh; Bita Tabrizian; Maryam Teymourian Sefideh khan
Abstract
Foreign direct investment is one of the main manifestations of (globalization in the field of investment). Today, most economists and governments emphasize the vital importance of foreign investment. From their point of view, this issue is very important, especially in developing countries, for the formation ...
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Foreign direct investment is one of the main manifestations of (globalization in the field of investment). Today, most economists and governments emphasize the vital importance of foreign investment. From their point of view, this issue is very important, especially in developing countries, for the formation of economic growth and development flows. One of the ways by which you can increase your share in the field of attracting foreign investment and targeting this type of investment is the use of marketing techniques, especially international marketing. Foreign direct investment (FDI), which is a major form of international capital transfer, has increased significantly during the last decade as one of the results of increasing integration of the global economy. On the other hand, by examining and studying domestic and foreign articles, no research has been found that can deal with the influencing factors on attracting foreign direct investment with an emphasis on green marketing in the field of energy. Also, according to the research model, this research is considered innovation.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Mansour Zarranejad; Hamidreza Abdollahian; Aram Amirnia; Soheil Saidian
Abstract
The swift expansion of urban areas in OPEC member countries and the great reliance their economy has on the consumption of crude oil have led to drastic environmental changes in these states. Therefore, it is important to investigate the factors influencing the emission of CO2 such as economic growth, ...
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The swift expansion of urban areas in OPEC member countries and the great reliance their economy has on the consumption of crude oil have led to drastic environmental changes in these states. Therefore, it is important to investigate the factors influencing the emission of CO2 such as economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization in these countries. Economic growth and energy consumption are among the other influential factors. In this article, the effect of economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization on the emission of CO2 has been studied. Thus, a sample of eight OPEC members was chosen for the duration of 2008 to 2018. Due to the effects of proximity, a spatial econometric approach was taken to investigate the spillover effects of neighboring countries. The results showed the existence of spatial reliance between the countries under study. The separate analysis of the spillover demonstrated that the effect of both economic and local urban population growth (direct) and spillover (indirect) increased the emission of CO2 in each country and its neighboring state, but the amount of direct effect was more than the indirect on other countries. The reality that environmental pollution resulting from economic growth and the development of urban areas and the increase of the consumption of nonrenewable energy in each of the studied countries also influence the environment of their neighboring states has laid the foundation for cooperation between neighboring OPEC countries to develop the technology to produce clean, renewable energy.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Maryam Mohammadi; Shahram Fattahi; Kiomars Sohaili
Abstract
This study examines the correlation and causal relationship between energy carriers' consumption and Iran’s provinces' gross product for the period 1988-2017 using wavelet analysis with panel data and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test. The results of correlation analysis show that the correlation ...
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This study examines the correlation and causal relationship between energy carriers' consumption and Iran’s provinces' gross product for the period 1988-2017 using wavelet analysis with panel data and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test. The results of correlation analysis show that the correlation pattern between energy consumption and GDP, in different energy carriers, is different. The correlation between natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and electricity with GDP is strong at all energy intensity levels. The correlation between furnace oil and GDP is reported to be low and weak for all provinces in the long run. Furthermore, the findings show that in provinces with high energy consumption intensity, consumption of gasoline, fuel oil and total energy have led to GDP in the short run. In high-intensity cases, consumption of kerosene, gas oil, fuel oil and natural gas, in medium intensity all types of energy, and in low intensity, consumption of kerosene, furnace oil and gasoline have led to GDP. In provinces with very low energy consumption, energy carriers' consumption has not led to GDP while in the medium and long term, the feedback hypothesis is proven
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Parvaneh Kamali Dehkordi; Abdolkhlegh Ghobeyshavi; fereshteh Abdollahi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the nonlinear effect of oil, gas, electricity, and coal energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in ten energy-intensive countries (Iran, South Korea, Japan, Germany-Russia-USA-India-Canada-Brazil and China) in the world. Statistics and information used to ...
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The aim of this study was to estimate the nonlinear effect of oil, gas, electricity, and coal energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in ten energy-intensive countries (Iran, South Korea, Japan, Germany-Russia-USA-India-Canada-Brazil and China) in the world. Statistics and information used to estimate the nonlinear autoregressive panel model with distributed intervals (PANEL NARDL) have been extracted from the database of the World Bank and the World Energy Organization for the period 1985-2019. The results show that increased consumption of gas, electricity, coal, and oil leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions, while a decrease in their consumption reduces carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. Also, the nonlinear relationship between the per capita of consumption of these four types of energy and the emission of carbon dioxide in high-consumption countries was confirmed by the parent test in the long run. Therefore, reducing the use of fossil fuels and shifting the focus to clean and renewable energy consumption is proposed for the five selected countries, especially Iran, and economic policymakers should prioritize environmental protection by enacting applicable laws. In this way, the creation and development of intelligent infrastructure for the carbon economy and industry are essential.
سیاستگذاری‌های اقتصادی و مالی در حوزه‌های فوق‌الذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی
rezvan hemati; musa khoshkalam khosroshahi
Abstract
Environmental degradation is one of the most important concerns in developing countries. One of the most important indicators whose study helps to understand the extent of the world's support for improving the quality of the environment is the ecological footprint (EF). EF is an indicator that shows ...
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Environmental degradation is one of the most important concerns in developing countries. One of the most important indicators whose study helps to understand the extent of the world's support for improving the quality of the environment is the ecological footprint (EF). EF is an indicator that shows the environmental constraints and the extent of human encroachment on these constraints. Numerous factors such as energy consumption, etc. are effective on the EF, but on the one hand due to the effective role of economic freedom and governance in the EF, and on the other hand, due to the lack of interaction between these two variables on the EF in any domestic studies, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction of economic freedom and governance on the EF of selected developing countries during the period 1971-2017 and two econometric models (The first model: the effect of economic freedom and governance as independent variables on the EF and the second model: the interaction of economic freedom and governance on the EF) in the form of panel data method have been used. The results of the first model indicate that the effect of economic freedom and governance on the EF of selected developing countries are positive (and significant) and negative (and significant), respectively, but the results of the second model estimate indicate that the interaction of economic freedom and governance on the EF of selected developing countries is negative and significant.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Leyla Jabari; Ali Asghar Salem
Abstract
In economic theories, Fiscal decentralization represents the shifting of decision-making power about the composition of tax revenues and non-tax revenues or expenditures are from the government to local units to provincial government officials, which leads to increased efficiency in resource allocation. ...
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In economic theories, Fiscal decentralization represents the shifting of decision-making power about the composition of tax revenues and non-tax revenues or expenditures are from the government to local units to provincial government officials, which leads to increased efficiency in resource allocation. And, since the pioneering study of Oates (1972), fiscal decentralization and its effects have garnered significant attention among economists. In the past years, global warming, carbon emissions, climate change due to increased energy consumption have brought the issues of fiscal federalism versus provincial institutions to the agenda of policymakers and energy research institutes. Because fiscal federalism can play a crucial role in reducing non-renewable energy consumption, promoting renewable energy, and reducing carbon emissions. Hence, energy economists have endeavored to shed on the association between fiscal decentralization and energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this way, this paper examines the effect of fiscal decentralization, in the form of shifting revenues and tax incomes responsibilities from the government to provincial institutions, as well as raising of the urbanization, GDP, and energy price on energy consumption for 31 Iran provinces from 2006 to 2020. To this end, this paper employs Quantile Regression with Non-additive Fixed Effects to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on energy consumption. The results of this study show that fiscal decentralization has a non-linear relationship with energy consumption. In addition, the rising urbanization and GDP lead to high demand for energy consumption. Moreover, the rising energy price leads to low energy consumption.
Rogayeh Marefati; Narciss Aminrashti; Azadeh Mehrabian; Roya Seyfipour
Abstract
Today, the issue of significant increases in polluting gases has become a major global challenge. This issue, along with industrial growth and development in developed and developing societies, has attracted more attention in order to prevent their destructive effects. The purpose of this article is ...
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Today, the issue of significant increases in polluting gases has become a major global challenge. This issue, along with industrial growth and development in developed and developing societies, has attracted more attention in order to prevent their destructive effects. The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the spread of pollution in the petrochemical sector. In order to test the relationship between the variables, a mild transfer regression model for the period 1399-1396 has been used. The statistical population of the present study is companies producing petrochemical products. The most important variables used in this study include per capita carbon dioxide emissions, product output, energy intensity, technology costs, and added value of petrochemical products. The results showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables of production and pollution. In the estimated nonlinear model section, because the energy intensity variable has been selected as a variable, it was observed that with increasing the intensity of energy consumption from 5.12%, the effect of petrochemical production on the level of emissions is different and significant. The results obtained from the nonlinear model estimate show that the production of petrochemical products in companies producing petrochemical products at different levels of energy consumption has different effects on carbon dioxide emissions in the country. Accordingly, given that greenhouse gas pollution is one of the serious threats facing countries, and due to its nature, factories and companies producing petrochemical products should be required to reduce emissions through tax and incentive policies. In addition, more polluting industries and polluting products should be prevented from entering the production process through strict environmental laws and regulations, especially in the petrochemical sector..
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Leila Eghbali; Reza Ranjpour; Seyed Kamal Sadeghi
Abstract
Half a century after the oil crisis in the 1970s, there is still not any agreement among economists when it comes to the type and existence of any relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. In this regard, many studies have been conducted, and many methods have also been adopted to ...
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Half a century after the oil crisis in the 1970s, there is still not any agreement among economists when it comes to the type and existence of any relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. In this regard, many studies have been conducted, and many methods have also been adopted to find this relationship, most of which are now proved to be inappropriate and inefficient. Having utilized a new causality approach proposed by Konya (2006), this study investigated the relationship between three energy carriers, natural gas, electricity, oil products, as well as considering the value-added of sixteen main industrial sub-sectors in the period 1995-2017, via the bootstrap panel approach. Comparison to the traditional methods, one of Konya's merits is paying attention to the two categories of heterogeneity of coefficients and cross-sectional correlation, making the estimation of parameters more efficient. The results show that in five sub-sectors of the industry, including “rubber and plastic”, “other non-metallic mineral products”, “manufacture of machines and unclassified equipment”, “machinery generator, electric transmission, and unclassified electrical appliances”, “manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers” there is a one-way causal relationship from value-added to natural gas consumption. On the other hand, in an industrial sub-sector of “manufacture of chemical products”, this relationship is two-way. Also, there is a lack of causal relationship between electricity consumption and value-added in sixteen industrial sub-sectors. Moreover, a one-way relationship from value-added to the consumption of oil products can be seen only in the industrial sub-sector of “manufacture of other transport equipment”. According to the results of this study, it seems that energy consumption is not dominant in the economic growth of the Iranian economy, and the government can adopt necessary policies regarding energy price liberalization and demand management without worrying about its dire consequences.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Ameneh Anooshehpour; Reza Moghaddasi; Amir MohammadiNejad; Saeed Yazdani
Abstract
Considering the critical role of energy consumption and productivity in economic growth, the central purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of some key macroeconomic variables and energy consumption on the total factor productivity of the agriculture sector in Iran. First, the Solo residual ...
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Considering the critical role of energy consumption and productivity in economic growth, the central purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of some key macroeconomic variables and energy consumption on the total factor productivity of the agriculture sector in Iran. First, the Solo residual parametric method is employed to estimate the total factor productivity index. Subsequently, the quantile regression method is applied to time series data for the period 1967-2016 in order to investigate the impact of mentioned variables on the total factor productivity. The main results showed that energy consumption and lagged inflation rate have a negative and significant impact on the total factor productivity in agriculture in the 0.25 and 0.5 quantiles. On the contrary, market exchange rate, foreign investment, and lagged TFP exhibit a positive and significant impact on the total factor productivity of the agricultural sector.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Ahmad Sadraei javaheri; Elaheh Abbaspour Kazerouni
Abstract
Energy is one of the essential inputs in production that due to inefficient and inappropriate use of its resources, its consumption has increased significantly. In this regard, the identification of factors affecting energy consumption in the provinces is important. This study aims to investigate the ...
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Energy is one of the essential inputs in production that due to inefficient and inappropriate use of its resources, its consumption has increased significantly. In this regard, the identification of factors affecting energy consumption in the provinces is important. This study aims to investigate the effect of urbanization on energy consumption in Iranian provinces. To do so, we used the STIRPAT model to design the econometric model. The spatial error econometric model in panel data was used to estimate the effect of urbanization on energy consumption in 28 Iranian provinces from 2002 to 2015. The results show that the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption is inverted U-shaped. This finding indicates that an increase in urbanization first causes to increase and then decreases energy consumption.
vahid Mohamadi; Hajar Mozafari shamsi; Freydon Asadi
Abstract
Human development is one of the main aspects of development in each country in which different factors could influence this indicator. In this research, interrelationship between gross domestic product (GDP), energy consumption per capita and HDI and their control factors investigate by using simultaneous-equation ...
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Human development is one of the main aspects of development in each country in which different factors could influence this indicator. In this research, interrelationship between gross domestic product (GDP), energy consumption per capita and HDI and their control factors investigate by using simultaneous-equation panel data models based on Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for a panel of 12 MENA countries during 1997-2015. Findings of this study show that there is a mutual positive and significant relationship between GDP, energy consumption and HDI of the MENA countries. Labor force and investment volume both have positive and statistically significant impact on GDP. On the other hand, Openness of the economy has positive and CO_2 emission have negative relation with HDI of the MENA countries. Also, population and financial development variables have significant and negative relation with energy consumption
Mohammad Reza Kohansal; Samira Shayanmehr
Abstract
Economic growth planning and policy making is one of the macrocosmic goals which it need to pay specific attention to energy and environmental sector and their relationship with production. Therefore, this study has conducted to investigate the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption ...
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Economic growth planning and policy making is one of the macrocosmic goals which it need to pay specific attention to energy and environmental sector and their relationship with production. Therefore, this study has conducted to investigate the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and environmental pollution using a Spatial Panel Simultaneous-Equations model for 9 developing countries during 2000-2011. Empirical results of this method show that energy consumption, economic growth and environmental pollution in each country is affected by these factors in neighboring countries. The results of research confirm there exists bidirectional causality between energy consumption and environmental pollution, economic growth and environmental pollution. Thus, there is a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. Regarding to result of this study suggests to achieve the sustainable economic growth should be used tax tools for controlling the emissions of CO2 and replacement of the renewable energies with fossil fuels.
Ali Taherifard; Mohammad Shirijian; Mohamma Reza Mehrafshan
Abstract
National Iranian Oil Company as the second largest oil company in the world and the biggest business complex of Iran has an undeniable importance in Iran, and its activities and management have significant impact on economic and political spheres of the country. The issue of reforming the NIOC articles ...
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National Iranian Oil Company as the second largest oil company in the world and the biggest business complex of Iran has an undeniable importance in Iran, and its activities and management have significant impact on economic and political spheres of the country. The issue of reforming the NIOC articles of association has been a matter of discussion for years in the legislative and administration departments. The stated reasons could be the separation of state duties from the company duties, defining company’s scope of work, omission of additional advantages and adjustment with the new upstream legislations. This study is an attempt to answer the question of “what are the features and principles of a desirable NIOC articles of association?” This question is dealt with by analyzing the past NIOC articles of association as well as examining the selected similar articles of association from National Oil Companies world-wide. Based on this analysis, the acts such as concentration of NIOC on company duties and administrative affairs, not being involved in government affairs and subsequently submission of all the responsibilities and authorizations related to conservation, controlling and supervision on upstream activities to The Ministry of Petroleum are suggested to the National Iranian Oil Company. Considering the professional and business essence of NIOC responsibilities, the activities of the company must be performed in a competitive context with no specific exclusive advantage. More specifically, NIOC can succeed in a competitive environment only under the circumstances of facing the risks inherent in its activities.
Nematollah Akbari; Hooshang Talebi; Azam Jalaei
Volume 3, Issue 11 , July 2014, , Pages 66-29
Abstract
Among economical sectors of the country, residential sector is the largest final consumer of energy and despite other sectors; its energy intensity has an ascending trend. Accordingly, targeted subsidies law is one of the fundamental steps by implementing, the government aims to decrease energy consumption ...
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Among economical sectors of the country, residential sector is the largest final consumer of energy and despite other sectors; its energy intensity has an ascending trend. Accordingly, targeted subsidies law is one of the fundamental steps by implementing, the government aims to decrease energy consumption in residential sector. The aim of the present investigation is to express the effect of targeted subsidies law on the rate of consumption of electricity and natural gas within Isfahan households. For this reason, the research hypotheses have been analyzed by applying family ideas and formal statistics. Statistical population consisted of all families within 14 districts of Isfahan municipality. The Sample size, In order to investigate the hypotheses by applying the gathered data by means of a questionnaire and the significant reliability of 90%, consisted of 103 families and to investigate the first hypothesis by using formal data and the reliability of 95%, it was 365 families. The method of selecting participants was stratified random sampling. The analysis was based on deductive and descriptive statistical methods. The results demonstrated that there is no significant reduction in electricity and natural gas consumption according to the families declaration. Data analysis and formal statistics have also confirmed no significant decline in electricity consumption of families after implementing the law. In addition, there is not a significant difference between fourteen zones of the city in terms of the rate of changing the consumption of electricity within families. there have been some differences between zones in terms of the rate of changing the consumption of natural gas within families.
Hamid Reza horee; sated Abolmagged galali; sayeed gafare
Volume 2, Issue 6 , April 2013, , Pages 27-48
Abstract
Today, environmental issues, especially water and air pollution problems have become a major global concern. Air pollution, affects the health of living organisms and natural ecosystems. According to various studies, financial development in a country may attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and higher ...
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Today, environmental issues, especially water and air pollution problems have become a major global concern. Air pollution, affects the health of living organisms and natural ecosystems. According to various studies, financial development in a country may attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and higher degrees of research and development (R&D). This, in turn can, increase the environmental performance and thereby reduce environmental pollution. This investigation aims to examine the role of financial development and energy consumption in Iran during 1971-2007, in the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve, using ARDL approach. According to results further financial development in Iran lead to decrease of CO2 emissions. In addition, an increase in energy consumption in Iran is likely to increase CO2 emissions. Also, the results reject the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Iran in the long-term.
Timur Mohammadi; Hamid Nazeman; Mohsen Nasratian Nasab
Volume 2, Issue 5 , January 2013, , Pages 53-170
Abstract
The causal relation between energy consumption and economic growth, as an imperative issue in energy economics, has been a well-studied topic. Previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior which could be caused by structural breaks. In this study, both linear and nonlinear causality test ...
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The causal relation between energy consumption and economic growth, as an imperative issue in energy economics, has been a well-studied topic. Previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior which could be caused by structural breaks. In this study, both linear and nonlinear causality test are applied to examine the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Iran. The nonlinear causality test, applied here, is based on the conception of correlation integral (an estimator of spatial probability across time). In this study, we find evidence on a unidirectional linear and nonlinear causality running from energy consumption to economic growth.
environmental pollution. On the basis of panel integration and co-integration tests, Stern (2004) and Perman and Stern (1999, 2003) have presented evidence and forcefully stated that the EKC hypothesis does not exist. In this paper by using fractional co-integration test, EKC is evaluated for 27 low middle income countries. The conclusions show according to classical co-integration test there is no co-integrated EKC based on HADRI statistics. Using fractional co-integration, evidences support a common EKC for countries: El Salvador, Nicaragua, Iran, Pakistan, Paraguay, Tunisia but our data does not give useful information about EKC existence.
fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;mso-no-proof:no'>FARIMA) were applied using the daily oil price in order to forecast oil prices. To compare the forecast accuracy of the model, the prediction error criteria was used. The results showed that the performance of FARIMA is much better than the other two models.
Mohammad Ali Motafakkerazad; Robab Mohammadi Khaneghahi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2012, , Pages 89-106
Abstract
Countries efforts to achieve rapid economic growth and lack of adequate attention to environmental issues in recent years have caused serious damage to the countries environment. Hence, examining factors affecting the quality of environment is more important. This article aims to investigate the Impact ...
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Countries efforts to achieve rapid economic growth and lack of adequate attention to environmental issues in recent years have caused serious damage to the countries environment. Hence, examining factors affecting the quality of environment is more important. This article aims to investigate the Impact of economic growth, energy consumption and openness on Environment pollution in Iran from 1967-2007. This paper uses some econometric techniques, including Johansson approach and DOLS model to explore the influence of economic growth, energy consumption and openness on Environment quality. The result of the analysis reveals a positive sign for the coefficients of economic growth, energy consumption and openness. Also the findings does not support the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and invironmental pollution.
Davoud Behboudi; Simin Kiani; Saeid Ebrahimi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2011, , Pages 33-53
Abstract
This study investigates the Granger causality relationship between energy consumption, carbon emission and industrial value added, including labor and gross fixed capital formation in the model. We found that energy consumption is Granger cause of carbon dioxide emission and industrial value added. Also ...
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This study investigates the Granger causality relationship between energy consumption, carbon emission and industrial value added, including labor and gross fixed capital formation in the model. We found that energy consumption is Granger cause of carbon dioxide emission and industrial value added. Also results of variance analysis model suggests that the long term effects of variables on their own swings gradually declines, and share of other variables increases.
Mohammadhassan Fotros
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2011, , Pages 189-211
Abstract
This research investigates the existence and direction of Granger causality between economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Iran. A multivariate model including economic growth, energy consumption, carbon emissions, capital stock, labor force, and urban population is used to determine ...
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This research investigates the existence and direction of Granger causality between economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Iran. A multivariate model including economic growth, energy consumption, carbon emissions, capital stock, labor force, and urban population is used to determine eventual causality between variables according to Toda-Yamamoto Approach. Results indicate that there is a bi-directional causality relationship between gross domestic product and CO2 emissions. Also, there is a uni-direction causality relationship from energy consumption to CO2 emissions. Finally, the results maintain that the EKC hypothesis for GDP and CO2 emissions is relevant in the period of study.
