Hadis Ahadi; Younes Nademi; Ramin Khochiany
Abstract
Today many developing countries face the problem of brain drain that could be affected by oil rents in oil-exporting countries. Natural resources aggravate rentier behavior and affect the welfare of elites and finally increase brain drain. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear effects ...
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Today many developing countries face the problem of brain drain that could be affected by oil rents in oil-exporting countries. Natural resources aggravate rentier behavior and affect the welfare of elites and finally increase brain drain. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear effects of oil rent on brain drain in oil-exporting countries (OPEC) during the period 2000-2016. For this purpose, the dynamic threshold panel method has been used. The results indicate the nonlinear effects of oil rents on brain drain. When the ratio of oil rents to gross domestic product is lower than 41.4%, the increase in oil rents has a positive significant impact on the brain drain in the OPEC countries and when the ratio of oil rents to gross domestic product greater than the threshold value, increasing oil rents will cause brain drain more than before.
Younes Nademi; Hoda Zobeiri
Abstract
Human capital is one of the most important inputs in production function that this factor has a crucial role in economic development process. Human capital in oil-dependent countries such as Iran could be affected by oil revenues as well as the form of distribution of oil rent. These evidences accompanied ...
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Human capital is one of the most important inputs in production function that this factor has a crucial role in economic development process. Human capital in oil-dependent countries such as Iran could be affected by oil revenues as well as the form of distribution of oil rent. These evidences accompanied with contradictory and ambiguous impacts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear impact of oil revenue on human capital in Iran during the period of 1975-2014. For this purpose, by using a threshold regression model, human capital has been modeled. The empirical results indicate that when the share of oil revenues in GDP is less than about 0.09, increasing share of oil revenues in GDP has a positive significant impact on human capital that the estimated coefficient is 20.21. But after the threshold level, increasing the share of oil revenue in GDP has a significant positive impact on human capital that the estimated coefficient is 5.37. Therefore, the intensity of oil revenue effect on human capital has been dramatically decreased in high oil revenue regime rather than the low oil revenue regime. Therefore, decreasing dependency to oil revenues increases human capital.
Karim Aslamuliyan; Javad Harati; Ala Hossin Ostadzadeh
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2013, , Pages 171-197
Abstract
This paper uses the growth model of Stokey (1998) extended by Deng and Huang (2009) to examine the dynamic relationship between output and environmental pollution in Iran. After solving the model and deriving the necessary conditions for sustainable growth path, the model is used to examine the presence ...
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This paper uses the growth model of Stokey (1998) extended by Deng and Huang (2009) to examine the dynamic relationship between output and environmental pollution in Iran. After solving the model and deriving the necessary conditions for sustainable growth path, the model is used to examine the presence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Iran. Using MATLAB software, the model is calibrated for the Iranian economy for the period 1959-2008. This allows us to find optimal paths for key variables. The result shows that that the Iranian economy is not on its optimal sustainable growth path. Moreover, simulation results indicate that there is a positive relationship between income per capita and CO2 per capita over time. Hence, we might claim that the Iranian economy is probably on its early stage of growth. In other words, Iran might still be on the negative part of EKC. In addition, our simulation result shows that there will be a threshold level for per capita income in which the quality of environment starts improving after this point. Hence, one might conclude that the EKC might be true for Iran.
Teymoor Mohammadi; Azadeh Bordbar; Alireza Daghighi Asli
Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2012, , Pages 107-129
Abstract
This study investigates interactions between economic growth and natural gas consumption, using times series data. The paper uses vector error correction technique and Johansen Co-integration test for the period 1353-1386. Co-integration test results indicate that there are two co-integrating ...
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This study investigates interactions between economic growth and natural gas consumption, using times series data. The paper uses vector error correction technique and Johansen Co-integration test for the period 1353-1386. Co-integration test results indicate that there are two co-integrating vectors containing GDP and natural gas consumption. In order to identify the co-integrating vectors, restrictions based on fundamentals of economic theory are imposed. Each vector can be interpreted as follows: in cointegrating equation1, gas consumption, capital, research & development and labor force variables have positive and significant effects on GDP (endogenous growth function) in the long run, based on theoretical foundations of endogenous growth function is quite plausible. In cointegrating equation 2, GDP has positive and significant effect on gas consumption in the long run. Also, there are short-term dynamics in ECM equations in which speed of adjustment coefficients are offered. The results indicate that there is bidirectional causality between gas consumption and GDP in Iranian economy. So myiopic policies on one side without considering the other side is not expected to be effective. This means that policies designed for restraining gas consumption policy, ceteris paribus, may lead to decline in GDP.
Ali Emami Meibodi; Yousef mohammadzadeh; Seyed Yaser Majidi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2011, , Pages 1-31
Abstract
Resent emprical studies indicate that natural resource abundance have an important role on economic growth in natural-resource-rich countries. Also according to literature on economic growth that human capital, education, technologcal progress and institutional quality are effective factors on ...
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Resent emprical studies indicate that natural resource abundance have an important role on economic growth in natural-resource-rich countries. Also according to literature on economic growth that human capital, education, technologcal progress and institutional quality are effective factors on economic growth. This essay using Dynamic Panel Data and GMM method, investigates the Resource Curse Hypothesis and then analyzes the rope of effective factors and their trace on RCH. Among several effective factors, in this paper we focus on Human Capital and Institutional Quality. Elected sample for this study is two groups of petroleum exporters' countries: A) Major petroleum exporters and B) Other petroleum exporters. The analysis for the period 1995-2008. Results indicate that Resource Curse is observed in major Petroleum Exporting Countries. Results confirm the importance of low institutional quality and inadequate investments on human capital in the occurrence of a resource curse. Therefore our finding confirm natural resource abundance may have a negative impact on growth occurs if considered in isolation, but a positive direct impact on growth if other explanatory variables, such as human capital, institutional quality, openness and etc, are also studied.
