Majid Aghaei; Mahdieh rezagholizadeh
Abstract
According to the importance of energy in economy, especially in developing countries, investigation the impact of energy consumption on poverty and inequality in Iran is necessary. this study investigates the direct and indirect impact of energy consumption in agricultural, industry and service sectors ...
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According to the importance of energy in economy, especially in developing countries, investigation the impact of energy consumption on poverty and inequality in Iran is necessary. this study investigates the direct and indirect impact of energy consumption in agricultural, industry and service sectors of Iranian economy on the poverty and inequality. the simultaneous equations consist of production equation, inequality, energy demand and poverty equations and instrument variable estimator was used to achieve this goal in the period of 1984-2010. The results of this study indicate that energy consumption in service sector reduce poverty directly but the indirect effect of energy consumption on poverty reduction through inequality reduction has not confirmed. On the other hand, energy consumption in industry and agriculture sectors has just an indirect effect on poverty reduction through inequality reduction. Also, based on the results, energy consumption through positive and significant effect on the economic growth, reduce poverty indirectly in all sectors.
Morteza Tahami Pour; Samaneh Abedi; Reza Karimi Baba Ahmadi; Morteza Ebrahimi Zadeh
Abstract
Development of renewable energy would help to achieve the goals of economic, social and ecological development which are considered as the most important factors in achieving sustainable development in each country. This article examines the impact of real economic growth per capita on the country's ...
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Development of renewable energy would help to achieve the goals of economic, social and ecological development which are considered as the most important factors in achieving sustainable development in each country. This article examines the impact of real economic growth per capita on the country's clean energy deals during the period 1967-2012 in Iran. To this end, the pattern Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Co-Integration method are employed to determine the presence of short and long-term relations among the variables. The results show that the speed of adjustment is relatively high error correction model and the model is able to adjust the 61% of short-term imbalance error, to achieve long-run equilibrium. According to the corresponding estimations, the relationship between real economic growth per capita and renewable energy consumption, combustible renewable and waste consumption and electrical energy consumption in both short-term and long-term is negative. Also Long-term results have showed a significant negative relationship between electrical energy consumption, renewable energy consumption combustible renewable and waste consumption and real economic growth per capita. So, in long- term, increasing one percent consumption of the mentioned variables, cause to decrease the real economic growth per capita to 0.71, 0.72 and 0.79 respectively.
Abbas Shakeri; Hamed Najafi; HAMED najafi jezeh
Abstract
This paper introduces the theoretical foundations of oil vulnerability index for oil exporting countries. In order to identify this index, several indicators related to both economic risk and demand risk were presented. This index was calculated for Iranian economy from 1990 to 2015. Regarding to the ...
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This paper introduces the theoretical foundations of oil vulnerability index for oil exporting countries. In order to identify this index, several indicators related to both economic risk and demand risk were presented. This index was calculated for Iranian economy from 1990 to 2015. Regarding to the economic risk, seven different channels based on the extension of literature discussing the Dutch disease were introduced. These channels include income, government revenue, spending, the current account, exchange rate, technology and government spending volatility channels. Regarding to the demand risk, the focus was on two main components: oil market concentration risk (OMCR) and political risk. For calculation the demand risk, in the first step, the OMCR was calculated based on the share of Iran's oil-importing countries from Iran’s oil export. Then depending on the stability of the bilateral political relations, the dependence of Iran’s oil importers on oil import from Iran and their ability to meet their needs from other countries, the political risk indicator was calculated. Finally, by adjusting OMCR with political risk, geopolitical OMCR was calculated. The results show that between 2002 and 2004, with the diversification of export routes of Iran's oil, creation of oil fund reserves, diversification of foreign exchange source income, etc., OVI was decreased significantly. After 2010, with the decrease in the diversity of oil exports routes, with the imposition of sanctions and with limiting the oil export to certain countries, OVI became the worst.
Saeed Shavvalpour; Armin Jabbarzadeh; Hossein Khanjarpanah
Abstract
Crude oil price risk is crucial for oil exporting countries. Consequently, developing a risk hedging mechanism has great importance for these countries. Given that Value at Risk (VaR) is one of the most powerful tools for evaluating price risk, this paper has tried to design a mechanism for risk management ...
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Crude oil price risk is crucial for oil exporting countries. Consequently, developing a risk hedging mechanism has great importance for these countries. Given that Value at Risk (VaR) is one of the most powerful tools for evaluating price risk, this paper has tried to design a mechanism for risk management of Iranian oil revenues using the VaR measure. In this regard, Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity models including GARCH, CGARCH and EGARCH with different destiny distribution functions are utilized for calculating VaR of OPEC crude oil price in the period of 6 October 2005 to 29 August 2015. The results show that CGARCH model with t-student distribution outperforms the other methods in terms of forecast error measures. The implementation of CGARCH model with using the data of Iranian oil production in 2014 reveals that the proposed model can lead to a significant surplus income.
Zeinolabedin Sadeghi; Fatemeh Shamsodin pour; Hamid Reza Mirzae
Abstract
The feasibility Study of creating jobs in Renewable Energy using input- output approach renewable energy employment is important employment of this system because of new nature is more than fossil fuels. In this investing because of feasibility study creating new jobs in renewable energy, wind energy ...
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The feasibility Study of creating jobs in Renewable Energy using input- output approach renewable energy employment is important employment of this system because of new nature is more than fossil fuels. In this investing because of feasibility study creating new jobs in renewable energy, wind energy (the operation and construction) and solar energy (operations and construction) of the input-output approach is used. The input-output approach is used. The year 2011 is used for input- output table and this study MATLAB and Excel software used for estimation. In this study, three scenarios 10 and 30 and 60 percent is intended to increase the capacity of renewable electricity. The results show that in both operational and construction, The direct and indirect employment has increased.
Mohammad Reza Kohansal; Samira Shayanmehr
Abstract
Economic growth planning and policy making is one of the macrocosmic goals which it need to pay specific attention to energy and environmental sector and their relationship with production. Therefore, this study has conducted to investigate the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption ...
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Economic growth planning and policy making is one of the macrocosmic goals which it need to pay specific attention to energy and environmental sector and their relationship with production. Therefore, this study has conducted to investigate the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and environmental pollution using a Spatial Panel Simultaneous-Equations model for 9 developing countries during 2000-2011. Empirical results of this method show that energy consumption, economic growth and environmental pollution in each country is affected by these factors in neighboring countries. The results of research confirm there exists bidirectional causality between energy consumption and environmental pollution, economic growth and environmental pollution. Thus, there is a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. Regarding to result of this study suggests to achieve the sustainable economic growth should be used tax tools for controlling the emissions of CO2 and replacement of the renewable energies with fossil fuels.
