The Impact of Government Subsidies on Electricity Demand and Consumption for the Urban and Rural Households in Iran (A Systemic Solution)
Fatemeh
Bazzazan
دانشیار دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی
author
Mir Hosien
Mousavi
استادیار دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی
author
Farnaz
Gheshmi
دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد دانشگاه الزهرا (س)-
author
text
article
2015
per
The continuous growth of electricity consumption in Iran, due to the low and unreasonable prices, has created immense pressure on the national network of supplying electricity to meet the ever-increasing demand. The realistic and economically justifiable pricing of electricity has, therefore, become an urgent issue for managing supply and demand. The residential electricity consumption in the country is one of the main sources of such demand increase. The present study focuses on the impacts of government subsidies on electricity demand and consumption for the urban and rural households in Iran. Data used for this study include price index, urban and rural household expenditures, provided by the Iranian Center for Statistics, Central Bank of Iran during the period 1991-2012. The study utilizes Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimation methods for data analyses. The results show that electricity is an essential good for both urban and rural households, and as such the demand and consumption levels for both urban and rural households in the country have very little (less than one) elasticity to prices. The conclusion is that the demand levels for residential electricity consumption are not meaningfully reduced by the price increase for customers created by elimination or reductions of governmental subsidies for electricity. Therefore, pricing policies alone would not be effective to reduce residential electricity consumption in the country, and there is a need for additional and supplemental policies.
Iranian Energy Economics
Allameh Tabataba’i University
2423-5954
4
v.
14
no.
2015
1
32
https://jiee.atu.ac.ir/article_1062_1af834155180a8b91ce7b60c4db042b3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/jiee.2015.1062
The Transfer and Development of Technology in Iranian Upstream Oil Sector: Considerations on the Concepts, Requirements, Challenges and Remedies
Masoud
Derakhshan
استاد دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
Atefeh
Taklif
استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2015
per
We have shown that the reliance on foreign investment within the framework of oil contracts with international oil companies has not been and will not be productive in the transfer and development of technology in Iranian upstream oil industry unless the following conditions are satisfied: i) adequate growth in the propositional and prescriptive knowledge related to oil industry to create a satisfactory absorption capacity, and ii) the active role of regulatory institutions for supervising, managing and enhancing efficiency in the market for technology to secure an effective utilization of the absorption capacity. It is emphasized that a careful identification of players in the market for oil technology transfer and development, and the realization of the processes of weakening and strengthening positions of international oil companies and service oil companies in this market, respectively, is the prerequisite in the design of optimum oil technology policies in Iran. Despite the importance of contractors in the recognition of the necessity of technological development in the chain of oil operations and conveying that to technology developers, we have noted that the scarcity of financial resources for investment in the transfer and development of technology as well as the shortcomings in the optimum utilization of the absorption capacity in Iran imply that the regulatory institutions in the market for oil technology should become more efficient and assume more active role in managing this market. It is shown that these institutions can direct the process of the transfer and development of oil technology along with the national strategies in industrial development by prioritizing the technologies which are consistent with the objectives of oil sector and at the same time having spillover effects to certain key industries in the national economy.
Iranian Energy Economics
Allameh Tabataba’i University
2423-5954
4
v.
14
no.
2015
33
88
https://jiee.atu.ac.ir/article_1063_3cabbf0de9d51aaa4a3364266a793042.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/jiee.2015.1063
Analysis of the Effect of the Abundant Natural Resources (Oli & Gas) on Financial Repression and Economic Growth through the Income Distribution Channels
Mohammad
Rezaei
دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
Kazem
Yavari
عضو هیأت علمی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
Morteza
Ezzati
عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
Mansour
Etesami
عضو هیأت علمی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2015
per
This paper examines the effect of the abundant natural resources (oil and gas) on financial repression and economic growth through the income distribution channel. The three equations which are extracted from theoretical explanations are estimated simultaneously using the three-stage least squares (3SLS) for the period 1352-1389. We have demonstrated the positive effects of natural resources on financial repression by raising the inequality. The results show that financial repression leads to lower economic growth rate, hence the main hypothesis of the study was supported, i.e. the effects of the abundant natural resources on economic growth and financial repression through the channel of distribution of income. We have also observed that the natural resource abundance have negative effects on economic growth (direct effect) and positive effects on inequality.
Iranian Energy Economics
Allameh Tabataba’i University
2423-5954
4
v.
14
no.
2015
89
122
https://jiee.atu.ac.ir/article_1064_d3788028af5a35ec5bc1814a3031d7fc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/jiee.2015.1064
A Comparative Analysis of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Articles of Association during 1954-1978: Proposing a Number of Principles of the New Articles of Association
Ali
Taherifard
دکتری اقتصاد انرژی
author
Mohammad
Shirijian
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت قراردادهای بینالمللی نفت و گاز، پژوهشگر پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری
author
Mohamma Reza
Mehrafshan
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت قراردادهای بینالمللی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
author
text
article
2015
per
National Iranian Oil Company as the second largest oil company in the world and the biggest business complex of Iran has an undeniable importance in Iran, and its activities and management have significant impact on economic and political spheres of the country. The issue of reforming the NIOC articles of association has been a matter of discussion for years in the legislative and administration departments. The stated reasons could be the separation of state duties from the company duties, defining company’s scope of work, omission of additional advantages and adjustment with the new upstream legislations. This study is an attempt to answer the question of “what are the features and principles of a desirable NIOC articles of association?” This question is dealt with by analyzing the past NIOC articles of association as well as examining the selected similar articles of association from National Oil Companies world-wide. Based on this analysis, the acts such as concentration of NIOC on company duties and administrative affairs, not being involved in government affairs and subsequently submission of all the responsibilities and authorizations related to conservation, controlling and supervision on upstream activities to The Ministry of Petroleum are suggested to the National Iranian Oil Company. Considering the professional and business essence of NIOC responsibilities, the activities of the company must be performed in a competitive context with no specific exclusive advantage. More specifically, NIOC can succeed in a competitive environment only under the circumstances of facing the risks inherent in its activities.
Iranian Energy Economics
Allameh Tabataba’i University
2423-5954
4
v.
14
no.
2015
123
152
https://jiee.atu.ac.ir/article_1065_037f720405aeb87d55a1d30edadb419b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/jiee.2015.1065
Economic Valuation of the Gas Buyback Contracts in South Pars Field through Comparing with Production Sharing Contracts
Abbas
Kazemi Najafabadi
دکتری حقوق خصوصی، عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
author
Alireza
Ghafari
دانشجوی دکتری رشته اقتصاد نفت و گاز، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
author
Ali
Takroosta
عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه خوارزمی
author
text
article
2015
per
Signing Oil Contracts with international oil companies for upstream and downstream operations in Iran's oil industry has a long history. After the discovery of oil, the first international oil contract was signed in Iran. Different types of oil contracts have been used in Iran. In most cases, the adequacy of contracts in terms of economic benefits has raised questions and ambiguities for Iran. To investigate this topic, the gas buyback contracts are evaluated from an economic point of view. In order to assess the results more carefully, these contracts are compared with the Production Sharing Contracts. Phases 2 and 3, and also 4 and 5 of South Pars Gas Field have been selected for this paper. Since these projects have been awarded in the form of buy-back contract, in addition of defining different scenarios, the Production Sharing Contract for the project has been simulated. After finding the best scenario in terms of the production sharing contracts for both projects, we found that for phases 2 and 3 of the South Pars, the Production Sharing Contract and for phases 4 and 5, the buyback contract, are proved to be more favorable for Iran.
Iranian Energy Economics
Allameh Tabataba’i University
2423-5954
4
v.
14
no.
2015
153
190
https://jiee.atu.ac.ir/article_1066_88b9fb80523cdda097f1b1a881fcbe36.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/jiee.2015.1066
A Comparative Analysis of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Articles of Association during 1954-1978: Proposing a Number of Principles of the New Articles of Association
Davood
Manzoor
دانشیار، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه امام صادق
author
Alireza
Rahimi
کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه امام صادق
author
text
article
2015
per
National Iranian Oil Company as the second largest oil company in the world and the biggest business complex of Iran has an undeniable importance in Iran, and its activities and management have significant impact on economic and political spheres of the country. The issue of reforming the NIOC articles of association has been a matter of discussion for years in the legislative and administration departments. The stated reasons could be the separation of state duties from the company duties, defining company’s scope of work, omission of additional advantages and adjustment with the new upstream legislations. This study is an attempt to answer the question of “what are the features and principles of a desirable NIOC articles of association?” This question is dealt with by analyzing the past NIOC articles of association as well as examining the selected similar articles of association from National Oil Companies world-wide. Based on this analysis, the acts such as concentration of NIOC on company duties and administrative affairs, not being involved in government affairs and subsequently submission of all the responsibilities and authorizations related to conservation, controlling and supervision on upstream activities to The Ministry of Petroleum are suggested to the National Iranian Oil Company. Considering the professional and business essence of NIOC responsibilities, the activities of the company must be performed in a competitive context with no specific exclusive advantage. More specifically, NIOC can succeed in a competitive environment only under the circumstances of facing the risks inherent in its activities.
Iranian Energy Economics
Allameh Tabataba’i University
2423-5954
4
v.
14
no.
2015
191
215
https://jiee.atu.ac.ir/article_1067_4078ec1a4944c0b42406279f3358fe4e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22054/jiee.2015.1067