نهادها و سازمانهای منطقهای و بین المللی انرژی
maryam houshangi; ali emami meibodi; laleh jokar
Abstract
The restrictions on oil reserves and environmental hazards have led resource-rich countries to focus their attention on gas energy. In this regard, the importance of gas as an appropriate energy source will become even more significant in the coming years. The establishment of a cartel consisting ...
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The restrictions on oil reserves and environmental hazards have led resource-rich countries to focus their attention on gas energy. In this regard, the importance of gas as an appropriate energy source will become even more significant in the coming years. The establishment of a cartel consisting of natural gas producers and exporters in order to achieve strategies for managing and controlling the gas market demonstrates this importance. This paper examines the confrontation or interaction between oil OPEC and the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (gas GECF); using the time series data for OPEC and GECF gas and oil demand in the period from 1970-1 to 2016-4. Regarding the coefficients obtained from the estimation of OPEC and OPEC gas and solving their equations simultaneously in the MATLAB 2014 software, the following results have been obtained; based on the cumulative response function in the case of the formation of a gas cartel, these two cartels will choose collusion strategies. The reason for this can be searched in some common members of the two cartels. Also, based on the impulse response function, oil demand is evaluated more than gas demand. It can be due to the multiple uses of oil over gas which increase the intensive substitution between these two products..
Mohammadreza Asghari Oskoei; Farhad Fallahi; Meysam Doostizadeh; saeed Moshiri
Abstract
With increasing competition in the wholesale Electricity markets and advances in behavioral economics in recent years, the multi-agent modeling approach has been applied widely to simulate the outcome of the markets. The electricity market consists of power generating agents that compete over production ...
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With increasing competition in the wholesale Electricity markets and advances in behavioral economics in recent years, the multi-agent modeling approach has been applied widely to simulate the outcome of the markets. The electricity market consists of power generating agents that compete over production in daily auction conducted by an independent system operator (ISO). The market clearing mechanism can be seen as a static game that repeats every hour. In this game, an agent proposes her price for the next day and the ISO chooses the best proposals that minimizes the total costs given the demand and the technical constraints. Agents are also assumed to learn from the outcomes and adjust their biding strategy accordingly. In this paper, we develop an agent-based model for the day-ahead and pay-as-bid electricity market in Iran. The objective is to compare the outcome of the market measured by the agents profit and the time to converge using three different strategies: greedy, random and reinforcement learning. The simulation results indicate that the reinforcement learning leads to higher profits with a faster convergence rate than the other two strategies.
Karim Eslamloueyan; Ali Hussein Ostadzad
Abstract
Environmental tax and subsidy are two key instruments used in many countries to prevent environmental degradation and to achieve sustainable development. Using game theoretic approach, this paper develops and calibrates a model to determine optimum indirect environmental tax for Iran. More specifically, ...
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Environmental tax and subsidy are two key instruments used in many countries to prevent environmental degradation and to achieve sustainable development. Using game theoretic approach, this paper develops and calibrates a model to determine optimum indirect environmental tax for Iran. More specifically, in the first stage the government sets green taxes and subsides, and in the second stage, the final goods and energy producing firms take these rates and choose their inputs. This dynamic game is solved by backward induction. Prior to our calibration, the production functions for fossil energy, renewable energy - as an intermediate goods - and final goods are estimated. The model is calibrated by using the Iranian data for the period 2015. The results indicate that the optimum green tax rate on fossil energy producing firm and final goods firm are 18 and 9 percent, respectively. These results have important policy implications for policymakers and social planners in Iran.
Reza Fahimi Doab; Ahmad Sabahi; Mohammad Hosein Mahdavi Adeli; Ahmad Seifi
Volume 3, Issue 12 , October 2014, , Pages 60-90
Abstract
The main and effective buyers and sellers of crude oil in global market are OPEC and OECD organizations that they are trying to change the prices in their favor. This paper investigated a game theory model for the two organizations which how to behave against each other in oil market. To examine the ...
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The main and effective buyers and sellers of crude oil in global market are OPEC and OECD organizations that they are trying to change the prices in their favor. This paper investigated a game theory model for the two organizations which how to behave against each other in oil market. To examine the factors and extent of influence of each mentioned organization on crude oil price offered an econometric model by using Johansen_ Juselius technique. Result shows that OPEC organization is effective on petroleum price with amount of crude oil supply and OECD organization is effective on it by harnessing oil reserves. The crude oil price is sensitivity to OPEC supply more than oil reserves is controlled by the OECD. So that OPEC organization can use it as a tool to increase bargaining power. Other variables can affect the crude oil price such as global economic growth and the effective real exchange rate America are analyzed in this paper. The result is that global economic growth has direct effect on crude oil price and real dollar exchange rate has an adverse effect on it.
