• سیاستگذاری‌های اقتصادی و مالی در حوزه‌های فوق‌الذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی
Sarah Akbari; Teymour Mohamadi; Hamid Reza Arbab; Reza Taleblou
Abstract
Oil prices and other oil-products prices are connected to each other and their price volatilities are parallel. Firms which are using crude oil in their products are facing a risk of price volatility which has different reactions in each era and is known under different oil regimes. For example lubricant ...
Read More
Oil prices and other oil-products prices are connected to each other and their price volatilities are parallel. Firms which are using crude oil in their products are facing a risk of price volatility which has different reactions in each era and is known under different oil regimes. For example lubricant industry is completely connected to the oil price. With this philosophy when the economy faced volatility the market players faced loss and so to overcome this issue they began to hedge themselves with another commodity. This hedging process in different regimes has different rates. So there is a need to introduce a new model. From the work of Hamiltonian (1989) oil price has its own volatility and regimes so to this attitude there is an effort to calculate an efficient hedging ratio with regime switching dynamic constant correlation. In this article, monthly data of oil and gold prices for about 10 years from 2010 till 2020 is used and the model is programed with MATLAB. The result showed that the efficient hedge ratio for the first regime (first major change in price of two markets) is 66 percent and the second (second major change in price of two markets) one is 26 percent.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Aram Amirnia
Abstract
The current study deals with the effect of GDP, urban population and non-renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in OPEC member countries. To show the details of his findings, in this study, using the panel data method, the effect of GDP, increase in urban population and non-renewable ...
Read More
The current study deals with the effect of GDP, urban population and non-renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in OPEC member countries. To show the details of his findings, in this study, using the panel data method, the effect of GDP, increase in urban population and non-renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions for 13 OPEC member countries in the period of time, 1990 to 2019, was reviewed. The results show that GDP, urban population increase, and consumption of non-renewable fuels have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The general findings indicate that following the increase in gross domestic production and the industrialization of countries, we will also witness the growth of the urban population. Environmental pollution is mainly aggravated by rapid urbanization and industrialization, as well as economic growth and non-renewable energies in OPEC member countries, which are mainly developing countries, and have destructive effects on the environment. This study recommends that sustainable urbanization and economic growth should be promoted using green finance and clean energy sources. Also, the need to change energy consumption patterns from fossil fuels and move towards renewable energy sources should be supported among OPEC member countries
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Hamid Amadeh; shahzad broumand
Abstract
This study has decomposed affecting factors on energy consumption in the agriculture sector (MBOE) by using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to three structural effects, activity effects, and energy intensity effects during 2006-2014. Also, it's investigated the relationship between GDP growth and ...
Read More
This study has decomposed affecting factors on energy consumption in the agriculture sector (MBOE) by using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to three structural effects, activity effects, and energy intensity effects during 2006-2014. Also, it's investigated the relationship between GDP growth and energy consumption of the agriculture sector by combining Mean Logarithmic Divisia Index with the decoupling index. The results show that energy consumption of the agriculture sector has increased during that period. Activity effect and structural effect respectively, have the most share in explaining the changes in energy consumption among the mentioned effects, and the intensity effect has a smaller role in explaining the changes in energy consumption. Additionally, the results of applying the decoupling index indicated that the agriculture sector experienced three conditions, including strong negative decoupling, weak decoupling, and expansive negative decoupling during the period of study. In the agriculture sector, after activity effect, i.e., the change of total energy consumption of each sector due to increase of production, the structural effect, i.e., utilize of the energy-intensive industries, not only has more explanatory power than efficient use of energy in the changes in energy consumption but also has the most share in the trend of changes in GDP and changes in energy consumption of aforementioned sector. But the share of effective energy consumption expressed in terms of the intensity effect is less. This conclusion suggests that the use of energy-intensive industries has a greater role in total energy consumption changes and decoupling index changes than an inefficient use of energy.
• اقتصاد سیاسی انرژی به ویژه در حوزه خلیج فارس
leila jamali; seyednematollah mosavi; abbas amimifard
Abstract
In this study, the sensitivity of Iranian oil export revenue to the OPEC summit statements (increase, decrease, and stability of production level) was investigated and analyzed using the structural self-regression model (SVAR) in the form of a Quantile approach. For this purpose, the required data were ...
Read More
In this study, the sensitivity of Iranian oil export revenue to the OPEC summit statements (increase, decrease, and stability of production level) was investigated and analyzed using the structural self-regression model (SVAR) in the form of a Quantile approach. For this purpose, the required data were collected in three quanta during the years 2019-1989: ($ 40>), ($ 70-40) and ($ 70<) on a monthly basis from the OPEC Secretariat and the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results of the sensitivity analysis in the mentioned quantiles showed that with the increase of the oil price from the quantile ($ 40) to ($ 70-40) and ($ 70 <), the sensitivity of the Iranian oil export revenues to the oil price decreases. Also, in the quantiles studied, the most sensitivity of Iran's oil revenues has been seen first to the shock caused by the decrease statement, then to the shock caused by the increase statement, and finally, to the shock caused by the stability statement of the OPEC production level. In addition, with the rise in crude oil prices, the sensitivity of Iran's oil revenues to these statements is declining. According to the high economic dependency on oil export revenue and the sensitivity of these revenues to the OPEC statements, it is suggested to energy policymakers to implement the policies in order to increase producing high value-added oil products instead of selling crude oil
najmeh khaleghifar; Hassan Khodavaisi
Abstract
Electricity is one of the essential factors for the economic development in almost all countries. On the other hand, the increasing use of the non-renewable energy, like fossil fuels for electricity generation, would lead to the depletion of the non-renewable reserves. Also, the use of fossil fuels is ...
Read More
Electricity is one of the essential factors for the economic development in almost all countries. On the other hand, the increasing use of the non-renewable energy, like fossil fuels for electricity generation, would lead to the depletion of the non-renewable reserves. Also, the use of fossil fuels is one of the most important factors contributing to environmental pollution and climate change. Hence, the optimal use of energy in the process of the economic development has always been considered as an important objective for the sustainable development. In this research, a small open economy has been devised by considering a structure for its electric power market based on the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, taking into account four main sectors, including households, production, government and the foreign trade sector. Furthermore, the dynamic effects of shocks in the economy on macroeconomic variables have been examined in the study. The simulation and analysis of impulse response functions of the model indicated that the productivity shocks in the electricity industry have significant effects on macroeconomic variables. The adjustment of the effects of shocks takes place in the long run. Moreover, the mechanism of the effect of a consumer’s preferences shock is quite different, and even its adjustment on some macroeconomic variables occurs over a longer period of time compared to the other shocks
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Sheller Ayazi; Sedigheh Atrkar Roshan; Ismail Safarzadeh
Abstract
In recent decades, due to environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the consumption of renewable energy sources has been increasing relative to non-renewable ones in many countries. The objective of this paper is to vigorously examine the impact of fossil and renewable energy ...
Read More
In recent decades, due to environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the consumption of renewable energy sources has been increasing relative to non-renewable ones in many countries. The objective of this paper is to vigorously examine the impact of fossil and renewable energy consumption on economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, with a specific focus on oil-producing and non-oil-producing nations. In this research, 20 developing countries, including 10 oil-exporting nations and 10 non-oil-producing ones, were examined from 2000 to 2019 using panel data analysis, dynamic ordinary least squares, and Granger causality tests. The estimation results show that a 1 percent increase in renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, leads to an increase of 0.32 and 0.007 percent of GDP in oil-producing and 0.169 and 0.188 percent in non-oil-producing countries respectively. On the other hand, increased consumption of fossil fuels in oil-producing countries corresponds to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions, while the utilization of renewable energy sources in these countries leads to a decrease in CO2 emissions. Conversely, in non-oil-producing countries, an increase in the consumption of non-renewable energy sources is associated with elevated carbon dioxide emissions, while the incorporation of renewable energy sources leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions. The research results emphasize that endeavors to stimulate economic growth are accompanied by heightened carbon emissions and environmental degradation. Additionally, the findings highlight the significant role of renewable energy sources in controlling carbon dioxide emissions in both oil-rich and non-oil countries.Based on the results, a one percent increase in renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in both groups of countries leads to an increase in GDP. As an increase in fossil energy consumption in oil-producing countries rises the emission of carbon dioxide, and the use of renewable energy in this group of countries reduces the emission of carbon dioxide. In non-oil countries, the increase in the consumption of non-renewable energy rises the emission of carbon dioxide. Also, the consumption of renewable energy in this group of countries reduces the emission of carbon dioxide. The results of the present study show that in the studied countries, efforts to strengthen economic growth lead to increased carbon emissions and environmental degradation. The findings also indicate the positive effect of non-renewable energy sources on carbon dioxide emissions in both groups of oil-rich and non-oil countries and the positive effect of renewable sources on controlling carbon dioxide emissions.
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Somayeh Azami; Pouria Mohammadi
Abstract
GDP is one of the factors affecting energy consumption and climate change. This study examines the impact of GDP on energy consumption in OPEC countries in two stages. In the first stage, based on the panel causality test, the causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption was investigated, and ...
Read More
GDP is one of the factors affecting energy consumption and climate change. This study examines the impact of GDP on energy consumption in OPEC countries in two stages. In the first stage, based on the panel causality test, the causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption was investigated, and the results indicate a one-way causal relationship from GDP to energy consumption. In the second stage, using a dynamic panel threshold regression model, this study investigated the role of energy intensity (one of the important indicators of energy efficiency) in the relationship between energy consumption and the GDP of OPEC countries. The results showed that at values above the threshold level of energy intensity (7.27), GDP significantly increases energy consumption, while at values below this level, GDP has a positive and non-significant effect on energy consumption. Without considering the control variables, at values above the threshold level of energy intensity (6.91), GDP significantly increases energy consumption, while at values below this level, GDP has a negative and non-significant effect on energy consumption. In energy and environmental policy-making, paying attention to energy intensity can lead to sustainable economic growth. Also, the results of this study are related to the Kuznets Environmental Curve Hypothesis; at low-intensity energy levels, increased GDP does not necessarily lead to environmental damage.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Mohammad Ali Avindeh; Bita Tabrizian; Maryam Teymourian Sefideh khan
Abstract
In the new century, consumer concerns about environmental accountability, which are also aligned with environmental laws, have pushed a growing number of companies to design and create environmentally friendly programs. Accordingly, this study examines how to implement a green marketing mix to sell a ...
Read More
In the new century, consumer concerns about environmental accountability, which are also aligned with environmental laws, have pushed a growing number of companies to design and create environmentally friendly programs. Accordingly, this study examines how to implement a green marketing mix to sell a product and stay in the market. Based on this, a sample of 90 investment marketing specialists in the field of green marketing in the field of energy was randomly selected and examined according to the volume of each category. The conceptual model of the research was designed based on the combined theoretical studies of green marketing and consumer intention and based on it, questionnaires were designed and the desired data were collected. The results show that in order to research the objectives of the research, the following items should be considered in such a way that they can compete with similar types: the use of recyclable materials to produce the product to reduce environmental damage, the introduction and presentation of environmentally friendly energy in exhibitions, conferences and seminars, the use of update transportation system to distribute products in the market to do less harm to the environment, appropriate pricing of green products.
• سیاستگذاری‌های اقتصادی و مالی در حوزه‌های فوق‌الذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی
Mohammad mahdi Hajian; Seyyed Esmaeil Hashemi; Rahim Saemi
Abstract
Strategically, the Caspian region has become one of the most important parts of the world in recent years due to the existence of energy reserves and its transfer to consumer markets consequently it draws the attention of regional powers and global superpowers. After the collapse of the Soviet Union ...
Read More
Strategically, the Caspian region has become one of the most important parts of the world in recent years due to the existence of energy reserves and its transfer to consumer markets consequently it draws the attention of regional powers and global superpowers. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the increase in the number of coastal countries, different views and opinions have been expressed about the ruling legal regime of the Caspian Sea. This article employs the equal arc sharing model and combines different methods of division, divides the map and area of the Caspian Sea fairly, and tries to pay attention to the principle of justice and fairness simultaneously. The main question of this article is determining the portion of each of the Caspian littoral countries in the harvest of proved reserves in energy resources. The results show that the share of each country in the common area will be 20%. In total, Kazakhstan (28%), Iran (23%), Russia (22%), Turkmenistan (14%), and Azerbaijan (13%) allocate occupancy of the Caspian Sea area..
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Leila Eghbali; Reza Ranjpour; Seyed Kamal Sadeghi
Abstract
Half a century after the oil crisis in the 1970s, there is still not any agreement among economists when it comes to the type and existence of any relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. In this regard, many studies have been conducted, and many methods have also been adopted to ...
Read More
Half a century after the oil crisis in the 1970s, there is still not any agreement among economists when it comes to the type and existence of any relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. In this regard, many studies have been conducted, and many methods have also been adopted to find this relationship, most of which are now proved to be inappropriate and inefficient. Having utilized a new causality approach proposed by Konya (2006), this study investigated the relationship between three energy carriers, natural gas, electricity, oil products, as well as considering the value-added of sixteen main industrial sub-sectors in the period 1995-2017, via the bootstrap panel approach. Comparison to the traditional methods, one of Konya's merits is paying attention to the two categories of heterogeneity of coefficients and cross-sectional correlation, making the estimation of parameters more efficient. The results show that in five sub-sectors of the industry, including “rubber and plastic”, “other non-metallic mineral products”, “manufacture of machines and unclassified equipment”, “machinery generator, electric transmission, and unclassified electrical appliances”, “manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers” there is a one-way causal relationship from value-added to natural gas consumption. On the other hand, in an industrial sub-sector of “manufacture of chemical products”, this relationship is two-way. Also, there is a lack of causal relationship between electricity consumption and value-added in sixteen industrial sub-sectors. Moreover, a one-way relationship from value-added to the consumption of oil products can be seen only in the industrial sub-sector of “manufacture of other transport equipment”. According to the results of this study, it seems that energy consumption is not dominant in the economic growth of the Iranian economy, and the government can adopt necessary policies regarding energy price liberalization and demand management without worrying about its dire consequences.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Esmaeel Safarzadeh; Ensieh Shad Ostanjin
Abstract
Increasing global warming is the result of the gradual accumulation of greenhouse gases in the living environment. Energy production systems in general and electricity production in particular is one of the effective factors in the production of greenhouse gases. Therefore, on the one hand, environmental ...
Read More
Increasing global warming is the result of the gradual accumulation of greenhouse gases in the living environment. Energy production systems in general and electricity production in particular is one of the effective factors in the production of greenhouse gases. Therefore, on the one hand, environmental considerations and on the other hand, the limitation of fossil resources have made it necessary to change the energy production system and replace fossil fuels. In this regard, the use of renewable energy resources such as hydropower can be a good alternative to fossil fuels. This article has studied the effect of hydropower consumption on Iran's environment. Hence article has estimated the short-run and long-run relationship between hydropower consumption and different measures of environmental degradation including ecological footprint, carbon footprint, and CO2 emission in the Iranian economy during 1980-2018. For this purpose, the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach has been used. The estimation of the specified models indicates the existence of a long-run relationship between the variables included in these models and shows that in the short and long run, there is a significant negative relationship between hydropower consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, and carbon footprints. In other words, the use of hydropower in the short and long run reduces the carbon footprint and emissions of carbon dioxide. Hydropower also affects the ecological footprint in the short run.
• سیاستگذاری‌های اقتصادی و مالی در حوزه‌های فوق‌الذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی
Zohreh Jalali; Majid Shakhsi-Niaei
Abstract
Lack of financial resources is a common dilemma in various types of projects which can result in project delays and, in some cases, can threaten project feasibility. One of the remedies for these situations is early production where a part of the project will be completed and commissioned. In this paper, ...
Read More
Lack of financial resources is a common dilemma in various types of projects which can result in project delays and, in some cases, can threaten project feasibility. One of the remedies for these situations is early production where a part of the project will be completed and commissioned. In this paper, a development, production, and transmission optimization model for oil and gas fields is extended to consider early production cash flows. A case study is analyzed which showed sooner completion of projects and also a significant improvement in the total net present value of considered projects. This research is applied, experimental, field, and long-term. A linear mathematical model is developed which is solved in GAMS software using the CPLEX algorithm.
• سیاستگذاری‌های اقتصادی و مالی در حوزه‌های فوق‌الذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی
younes khodaparast; Teymour Mohamadi; Hossein Tavakolian
Abstract
Increasing oil consumption efficiency in the household and production sectors, as well as improving oil production technology, are among the most important factors that can improve the economic situation of oil-rich countries. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of oil consumption productivity (demand ...
Read More
Increasing oil consumption efficiency in the household and production sectors, as well as improving oil production technology, are among the most important factors that can improve the economic situation of oil-rich countries. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of oil consumption productivity (demand shocks) and technological oil production shocks (supply shocks) on macroeconomic variables are investigated in the form of the Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. Annual data for the years 1352-1396 have been used to estimate the model parameters. The results show that oil consumption efficiency shocks in the household and production sectors have a positive and significant effect on oil exports, oil investment, total employment, and government spending. However, the shocks of oil consumption efficiency in the household sector reduce oil production and household’s oil consumption and increase inflation, while the effect of the shocks of oil consumption efficiency in the production sector on these three variables is inverse. Also, technological oil production shocks have a positive effect on oil investment, oil production and export, non-oil employment, total consumption, government spending, and inflation, and in contrast, slightly reduce employment in the oil sector and oil consumption. Given that the above three shocks have positive effects on oil exports, oil investment, employment, government revenue, and even the level of consumption and non-oil production, appropriate planning and policy-making that stimulates consumer productivity and improves oil production technology should be on the agenda of policymakers.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Hossein Hafezi; Mahbube Delfan
Abstract
The electricity industry is not only one of the most significant industries in the nation, but it is also one of the most significant pillars of economic development. The numerous roles that electricity plays in a country's economy make it clear that anticipating electricity consumption is crucial. In ...
Read More
The electricity industry is not only one of the most significant industries in the nation, but it is also one of the most significant pillars of economic development. The numerous roles that electricity plays in a country's economy make it clear that anticipating electricity consumption is crucial. In this regard, the combined ARDL and ARIMA technique is used in the current study to forecast the nation's electricity demand. With an emphasis on the impact of temperature and various rates of economic growth, this study attempts to forecast Iran's total electricity demand over 30 years (2021 to 2050) under 4 alternative scenarios. The development of the scenario is based on the rise in the nation's average temperature and various rates of economic growth. The first and second scenarios rely on the country's average temperature increase of 0. 26% per annum and economic growth rates of 2% and 8%. Furthermore, the third and fourth ones are based on the country's average temperature increase of 0. 45% a year and economic growth rates of 2 and 8%. The study's findings reveal that temperature and economic growth have a substantial impact on how much electricity is consumed, but they also indicate that as temperatures rise and the GDP expands, there will be a huge increase in demand for electricity. Additionally, additional findings show that the power demand is inelastic to price fluctuations. As a result, efforts to reduce electricity consumption should be based on policies to increase energy efficiency as well as policies to regulate temperature and greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the proportion of renewable technologies in the nation's electricity supply portfolio.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Hamid Amadeh; Abdolrasol Ghasemi; Hojjatollah Mirzaei; Hamid Bakhtiari
Abstract
This paper focuses on the analysis of the petrochemical products manufacturing value chain and the presentation of petrochemical products' optimal manufacturing pattern in petrochemical industries affiliates of pension funds. The case study in this research is JAM and MASJIDSOLEYMAN Petrochemical companies. ...
Read More
This paper focuses on the analysis of the petrochemical products manufacturing value chain and the presentation of petrochemical products' optimal manufacturing pattern in petrochemical industries affiliates of pension funds. The case study in this research is JAM and MASJIDSOLEYMAN Petrochemical companies. Period of this research is 5 years. In this case study, the determiner faces paradoxical objectives simultaneously. The fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) method has been used based on the α-cut of fuzzy parameters in this research. The goal of this research is to extract the amount of products that have maximized profit and value-added and minimized risk simultaneously which face technological, market, financial, budget, legal, and national interest-related limitations. This method is often interested in the proper POSs that have finite tradeoffs between objective functions. One numerical sample has been used to show the possibility of using the said method in multi-objective optimizing issues for the production of propylene. Because of the efficiency and satisfaction of the obtained new solutions for this method, this method undoubtedly can be useful to solve the FMOLP problems. A decrease in the production of ethylene and light polyethylene and an increase in propylene and butadiene production is the most important policy recommendation of this research.
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Seyed Ali Emami; Seyed Yahya Abtahi; Zohreh Tabatabaienasab; Mohamad Ali Dehghan Tafti
Abstract
In this paper, the relationship between energy consumption and total factor productivity (TFP) in the industrial sector in Iran has been investigated using threshold-type nonlinear relationships. The results of estimating a two-threshold model in a sample including data related to 110 industrial branches ...
Read More
In this paper, the relationship between energy consumption and total factor productivity (TFP) in the industrial sector in Iran has been investigated using threshold-type nonlinear relationships. The results of estimating a two-threshold model in a sample including data related to 110 industrial branches during the years 2002-2019 show that the effect of energy consumption on the TFP in the industry sector is state-dependent on the energy consumption state or regime and the energy consumption variable coefficients in all regimes has a negative and significant effect on the TFP. If the energy consumption in Iran's industrial sector exceeds a certain threshold, the negative effect of energy consumption on the TFP will intensify. Also, the effect of energy consumption on the TFP in the industry sector is a state dependent on the TFP state or regime, so in low TFP regimes or states, the effect of energy consumption on the TFP of industries is considerable, but in high TFP regimes, industries with higher TFP have a much lower negative impact of energy consumption on their TFP.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Neda Rezaei; Rokhshad Hejazi; Hossein Yousefi
Abstract
The existence of a comprehensive model that enables the calculation of the real price of electricity production along with its environmental costs is one of the most important analytical tools in energy economics. It is now different from when virtual water costs and other environmental costs of power ...
Read More
The existence of a comprehensive model that enables the calculation of the real price of electricity production along with its environmental costs is one of the most important analytical tools in energy economics. It is now different from when virtual water costs and other environmental costs of power generation are taken into account. In this article, information from 56 power plants across the country was used. In this paper, an algorithm for calculating the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is presented. Among these, common technologies in the production sector, including heating, gas, combined cycle, wind, and photovoltaic power plants, have been studied from an economic perspective and the results of calculating their cost price have been presented. The results show that the highest costs are related to electricity generation using gas technology (18.86 cents per kilowatt hour with subsidized fuel and 35.98 cents per kilowatt hour with exported fuel) and the lowest cost of generating electricity through a wind farm is 6.59 cents per kilowatt hour. In the calculations, the cost of fuel in the form of subsidies and exports and the cost of virtual water in the production process are also considered. One of the reasons for the slow growth of renewable energy development is that the fuel price of gas and oil for power plants in Iran was not realistic despite the fuel subsidy, so electricity production in thermal power plants is cost-effective and electricity production from renewable energies such as wind and photovoltaic power plants in a superficial view has no economic justification..
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Esmael Torkamani; Mohammad Hassan Fotros
Abstract
Energy supply and ensuring energy security for countries is a vital goal to achieve growth and sustainable development. Energy security provides a country's ability to meet current and future energy demand, resilience, and responsiveness to minimize systematic shocks to supply disruptions. This study ...
Read More
Energy supply and ensuring energy security for countries is a vital goal to achieve growth and sustainable development. Energy security provides a country's ability to meet current and future energy demand, resilience, and responsiveness to minimize systematic shocks to supply disruptions. This study uses five dimensions; Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, and Develop-ability, as well as by using entropy-weight and TOPSIS method, the composite index of Iran's energy security for the period 1980-2019 has been measured. The results show that Iran's energy security has decreased in the period under review. The highest level of energy security was 0.716 in 1982 and the lowest level was 0.272 in 2018. Also, the level of energy security was higher than 0.5 in the periods 1980 to 1987 and 1991 to 1993, and lower than 0.5 in the periods 1988 to 1990 and 1994 to 2019.
• سیاستگذاری‌های اقتصادی و مالی در حوزه‌های فوق‌الذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی
mojtaba hosseini; Sayed Mohamad Mirhashemi Dehnavi; Mostafa Pourkaveh Dehkordi; rohallah mahdavi; ali taherifard
Abstract
This study attempts to present a pricing model for sulfur, based on the netback pricing method for selling the sulfuric acid to the production plants. Using data of a study presented by the national petrochemical company on sulfuric acid production plant with a capacity of 1.1 million tons in Mahshahr ...
Read More
This study attempts to present a pricing model for sulfur, based on the netback pricing method for selling the sulfuric acid to the production plants. Using data of a study presented by the national petrochemical company on sulfuric acid production plant with a capacity of 1.1 million tons in Mahshahr port, the price of sulfur in the price range of acid Sulfuric was set to maintain the project's rate of return, operating profit rate and net profit rate at 25 percent. The results of this study showed that at prices below 1.75 million rials/kg, sulfur should be provided free of charge to sulfuric acid production units in order to reach the rate of 25%. The results also showed that the target sulfur price would be different if the target was to maintain the domestic rate of return, operating profit rate, and the net interest rate at 25 percent. It seems offering a new mechanism for sulfur pricing should be necessary and netback pricing which is presented in this study can be considered one of these new mechanisms.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Zahra Dehghan Shabani; Ebrahim Hadian; masoumeh mousavi
Abstract
Air pollution concerns, climate change, and sustainable development necessitate the discussion of the dynamics of energy intensity. Nowadays, energy convergence is widely used as a tool for considering the dynamics of energy intensity. The energy intensity convergence in manufacturing industries is suitable ...
Read More
Air pollution concerns, climate change, and sustainable development necessitate the discussion of the dynamics of energy intensity. Nowadays, energy convergence is widely used as a tool for considering the dynamics of energy intensity. The energy intensity convergence in manufacturing industries is suitable to assess whether there is a knowledge spillover between manufacturing industries and whether government policies have been effective for reducing energy intensity in manufacturing industries. The purpose of the study is to examine energy intensity convergence in Iranian manufacturing industries. To do that, we collected data from nine manufacturing industries from 1995 to 2015 and employed the generalized method of moments in panel data (GMM) technique. The results of the model estimation show that there is convergence of energy intensity in the manufacturing industries.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
samaneh khaksarastaneh; Teymor Mohammadi; Hamid Amadeh
Abstract
Nowadays, due to the limitation of fossil fuels, the topic of their optimal use has been given more attention than before. In the upstream literature of oil and gas economy, the word synonymous with this topic is reservoir management. In this study, selected one of the oil fields of Iranian Offshore ...
Read More
Nowadays, due to the limitation of fossil fuels, the topic of their optimal use has been given more attention than before. In the upstream literature of oil and gas economy, the word synonymous with this topic is reservoir management. In this study, selected one of the oil fields of Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC). In the first step, by using field data, the cost function of the field is estimated by considering the environmental costs and secondary recycling costs, and in the next Nowadays, due to the limitation of fossil fuels, the topic of their optimal use has been given more attention than before. In the upstream literature of the oil and gas economy, the word synonymous with this topic is reservoir management. This study selected one of the oil fields of the Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC). In the first step, by using field data, the cost function of the field is estimated by considering the environmental costs and secondary recycling costs, and in the next step, the discounted profit of the field during its life under three discount rate scenarios, and it is maximized by dynamic programming method. The results of the bell curve study confirmed the production during the life of the field. Also, in the scenario of the discount rate of 5%, the harvest results from the field have been more balanced, and with the increase of the discount rate to 10 and then 20%, more harvest has been achieved in the first years of production and less harvest in the final years of productionstep, the discounted profit of the field during its life under three discount rate scenarios. and it is maximized by dynamic programming method. The results of the bell curve study confirmed the production during the life of the field. Also, in the scenario of discount rate of 5%, the harvest results from the field have been more balanced, and with the increase of the discount rate to 10 and then 20%, more harvest has been achieved in the first years of production and less harvest in the final years of production.
سیاستگذاری‌های اقتصادی و مالی در حوزه‌های فوق‌الذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی
morteza tahamipour zarandi; seyed amin azimi
Abstract
Attention to water resources and consumption in Iran's industrial sector is important due to the existence of severe tensions in the country's water resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the virtual water trade in the oil industry of Iran. For this purpose, the technical-basic ...
Read More
Attention to water resources and consumption in Iran's industrial sector is important due to the existence of severe tensions in the country's water resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the virtual water trade in the oil industry of Iran. For this purpose, the technical-basic approach has been used to measure virtual water and the special water demand and virtual water trade of Iran's oil sector has been calculated from 1978 to 2019. The results show that due to the high volume of oil exports, Iran is a net exporter of virtual water. The amount of water consumed in the oil industry and the process of extraction and production of crude oil in the years under review averaged 594 million cubic meters per year and the amount of virtual water that left the country following the export of crude oil in these years averaged 356 million cubic meters per year. Also, the export value of virtual water in the oil sector has a value of 1838 thousand Rials per cubic meter. To manage the country's water resources and the leading crises in this sector of the industry, it is possible to greatly increase water efficiency in this sector by modifying production processes and updating equipment, facilities, and methods used to optimally consume water in this sector.
.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Mansour Zarranejad; Hamidreza Abdollahian; Aram Amirnia; Soheil Saidian
Abstract
The swift expansion of urban areas in OPEC member countries and the great reliance their economy has on the consumption of crude oil have led to drastic environmental changes in these states. Therefore, it is important to investigate the factors influencing the emission of CO2 such as economic growth, ...
Read More
The swift expansion of urban areas in OPEC member countries and the great reliance their economy has on the consumption of crude oil have led to drastic environmental changes in these states. Therefore, it is important to investigate the factors influencing the emission of CO2 such as economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization in these countries. Economic growth and energy consumption are among the other influential factors. In this article, the effect of economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization on the emission of CO2 has been studied. Thus, a sample of eight OPEC members was chosen for the duration of 2008 to 2018. Due to the effects of proximity, a spatial econometric approach was taken to investigate the spillover effects of neighboring countries. The results showed the existence of spatial reliance between the countries under study. The separate analysis of the spillover demonstrated that the effect of both economic and local urban population growth (direct) and spillover (indirect) increased the emission of CO2 in each country and its neighboring state, but the amount of direct effect was more than the indirect on other countries. The reality that environmental pollution resulting from economic growth and the development of urban areas and the increase of the consumption of nonrenewable energy in each of the studied countries also influence the environment of their neighboring states has laid the foundation for cooperation between neighboring OPEC countries to develop the technology to produce clean, renewable energy.
مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Mohammad Shirijian; Ali Taherifard
Abstract
In this study, the optimum oil production pattern from the Frouzan oil field is extracted and compared using the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) optimal control method in the framework of Buy Back contract in the form of a scenario and the framework of the Production Sharing Contract in terms of different ...
Read More
In this study, the optimum oil production pattern from the Frouzan oil field is extracted and compared using the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) optimal control method in the framework of Buy Back contract in the form of a scenario and the framework of the Production Sharing Contract in terms of different amounts of profit oil ratio in the three scenarios. Comparing the optimal route of oil production from the field in the framework of these two contracts, it is concluded that the annual production level and cumulative production will increase by increasing the ratio of profit oil and subsequently increasing the share of the contractor (or foreign oil company) as the operator of the production sharing contract. The optimum increases from the Forouzan field and by increasing the mentioned ratio from a threshold value, it is even higher than the level of annual production and optimal accumulation of the Buy-Back contract.
• مطالعات اقتصادی مرتبط با حامل‌های انرژی (فسیلی، تجدیدپذیر و برق)
Ameneh Anooshehpour; Reza Moghaddasi; Amir MohammadiNejad; Saeed Yazdani
Abstract
Considering the critical role of energy consumption and productivity in economic growth, the central purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of some key macroeconomic variables and energy consumption on the total factor productivity of the agriculture sector in Iran. First, the Solo residual ...
Read More
Considering the critical role of energy consumption and productivity in economic growth, the central purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of some key macroeconomic variables and energy consumption on the total factor productivity of the agriculture sector in Iran. First, the Solo residual parametric method is employed to estimate the total factor productivity index. Subsequently, the quantile regression method is applied to time series data for the period 1967-2016 in order to investigate the impact of mentioned variables on the total factor productivity. The main results showed that energy consumption and lagged inflation rate have a negative and significant impact on the total factor productivity in agriculture in the 0.25 and 0.5 quantiles. On the contrary, market exchange rate, foreign investment, and lagged TFP exhibit a positive and significant impact on the total factor productivity of the agricultural sector.
